GCU 631 Final exam Advanced pathophysiology
1. Where do we hold the DNA inside of a cell?: The nucleus
2. What is cell suicide?: apoptosis
3. What are some things we see clinically in a patient presenting with carbon
monoxide poisoning?: -Normal SpO2
-Tissue damage
4. What do we have: ABG w/ pH 7.25, bicarb 28, CO2 is 60?: Respiratory
acidosis 5. How do we get molecules to between intracellular & extra
cellular?: Hydrostatic pressure
(If it's water: osmotic pressure)
6. If patient has large volume of vomiting, what would we see?: Metabolic
Alkalosis
7. Why does metabolic alkalosis develop from vomiting?: Losing acid,
retaining Bicarb
8. What do we look for on an amnio to see neural tube defects?: Alpha-fetal
protein
9. Clinical characteristics of Trisomy 21: Wide eyes
Wide neck
Short stature
Low IQ
Low nasal bridge
Low set ears
Cardiac defects
10. How could a newborn have type 1 diabetes: Autoimmune/ Cannot be
prevented
11. We have a certain gene that takes care of maintenance of other cells: -
Housekeeping genes
12. Patient comes in with chronic wounds that aren't healing. What are you
thinking?: -Diabetes
-Something else is going on with those patient/other comorbidities
13. If a newborn doesn't have enough collectin-like protein what kind of
infection might they develop?: -Pneumonia
-Anything RESPIRATORY related
14. Where do B lymphocytes grow up and develop: Bone marrow
15. I go over to a friend's house to get chickenpox. What type of immunity is
that?: Active acquired immunity/Body will make antibodies
, GCU 631 Final exam Advanced pathophysiology
16. What is happening at a cellular level with a type two sensitivity
reaction?: -Antibodies are attaching to the cellular surface of the antigen.
-release of histamines and IgE
17 What does Rhogram do?: -Stops hemolytic anemia
-Give to Rh - moms with a Rh + baby
18. If we have a patient that went under some organ transplant, why would
we have tissue damage?: Start to see TH1 cells release too many cytokines
so we will see the cytotoxic effects. Cytokines will actually attack the
endothelial cells.
19. What is an exotoxin?: When bacteria is growing they release exotoxins.
20. What do we have that helps us fight fungal infections?: -Phagocytes
-T-Lymphocytes
21. Why, if I'm really stressed, am I more likely to get sick?: Stress releases
cortisol, cortisol increases, helper T cells are suppressed.
22. Stressed patient (long period of time), what can we see develop with lab
results?: -Hypoglycemia
-Cortisol increase causes hyperglycemia initially, but with chronic stress cortisol
levels become depleted causing hypoglycemia. (Adrenal insufficiency)
23. What happens when we have cellular metabolism that just isn't working
right? What will develop?: Build up of waste
24. What is the least likely IL to cause endothelial cells to go into that
proinflammatory state?: IL4
25. If you had a patient that developed MODS, what substances stimulate the
normal endothelial cells to go into a proinflammatory state?: Interleukins
tumor necrosis factor IL-6
26. How dehydrated does a child have to be before we see them have low
BP: 10%
27. Why a patient can develop a reperfusion injury.: Once we've had oxygen
cut off for a while we can actually see damage happen from that reexposure to
oxygen
28. Why do burn patients go into kidney failure?: Damaged muscles produce
Myoglobin
Myoglobin is huge and hard for kidneys to filter out. Not meant to filter it.
29. What type of cancer do we recommend exercise to decrease
prevalence?-
1. Where do we hold the DNA inside of a cell?: The nucleus
2. What is cell suicide?: apoptosis
3. What are some things we see clinically in a patient presenting with carbon
monoxide poisoning?: -Normal SpO2
-Tissue damage
4. What do we have: ABG w/ pH 7.25, bicarb 28, CO2 is 60?: Respiratory
acidosis 5. How do we get molecules to between intracellular & extra
cellular?: Hydrostatic pressure
(If it's water: osmotic pressure)
6. If patient has large volume of vomiting, what would we see?: Metabolic
Alkalosis
7. Why does metabolic alkalosis develop from vomiting?: Losing acid,
retaining Bicarb
8. What do we look for on an amnio to see neural tube defects?: Alpha-fetal
protein
9. Clinical characteristics of Trisomy 21: Wide eyes
Wide neck
Short stature
Low IQ
Low nasal bridge
Low set ears
Cardiac defects
10. How could a newborn have type 1 diabetes: Autoimmune/ Cannot be
prevented
11. We have a certain gene that takes care of maintenance of other cells: -
Housekeeping genes
12. Patient comes in with chronic wounds that aren't healing. What are you
thinking?: -Diabetes
-Something else is going on with those patient/other comorbidities
13. If a newborn doesn't have enough collectin-like protein what kind of
infection might they develop?: -Pneumonia
-Anything RESPIRATORY related
14. Where do B lymphocytes grow up and develop: Bone marrow
15. I go over to a friend's house to get chickenpox. What type of immunity is
that?: Active acquired immunity/Body will make antibodies
, GCU 631 Final exam Advanced pathophysiology
16. What is happening at a cellular level with a type two sensitivity
reaction?: -Antibodies are attaching to the cellular surface of the antigen.
-release of histamines and IgE
17 What does Rhogram do?: -Stops hemolytic anemia
-Give to Rh - moms with a Rh + baby
18. If we have a patient that went under some organ transplant, why would
we have tissue damage?: Start to see TH1 cells release too many cytokines
so we will see the cytotoxic effects. Cytokines will actually attack the
endothelial cells.
19. What is an exotoxin?: When bacteria is growing they release exotoxins.
20. What do we have that helps us fight fungal infections?: -Phagocytes
-T-Lymphocytes
21. Why, if I'm really stressed, am I more likely to get sick?: Stress releases
cortisol, cortisol increases, helper T cells are suppressed.
22. Stressed patient (long period of time), what can we see develop with lab
results?: -Hypoglycemia
-Cortisol increase causes hyperglycemia initially, but with chronic stress cortisol
levels become depleted causing hypoglycemia. (Adrenal insufficiency)
23. What happens when we have cellular metabolism that just isn't working
right? What will develop?: Build up of waste
24. What is the least likely IL to cause endothelial cells to go into that
proinflammatory state?: IL4
25. If you had a patient that developed MODS, what substances stimulate the
normal endothelial cells to go into a proinflammatory state?: Interleukins
tumor necrosis factor IL-6
26. How dehydrated does a child have to be before we see them have low
BP: 10%
27. Why a patient can develop a reperfusion injury.: Once we've had oxygen
cut off for a while we can actually see damage happen from that reexposure to
oxygen
28. Why do burn patients go into kidney failure?: Damaged muscles produce
Myoglobin
Myoglobin is huge and hard for kidneys to filter out. Not meant to filter it.
29. What type of cancer do we recommend exercise to decrease
prevalence?-
