NURS 6301 LATEST UPDATED 2025 FINAL EXAM WITH
COMPLETE DETAILED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS ALREADY A+ GRADED
A client in sickle cell crisis has been hospitalized during her pregnancy. After giving discharge
instructions, the nurse determines the client needs further teaching when she makes which statement?
a) "Signs of any type of infection must be reported immediately."
b) "At the earliest signs of a crisis, I need to seek treatment."
c) "I will need more frequent appointments during the remainder of the pregnancy."
d) "I will need to take an iron supplement even if my laboratory values are normal."
ANSWER-"I will need to take an iron supplement even if my laboratory values are normal."
Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive disorder requiring both parents to have a sickle cell trait to
pass the disease to a child. Deoxygenated hemoglobin cells assume a sickle shape and obstruct tissues.
Tissue obstruction causes hypoxia to the area (vaso-occlusion) and results in pain, called sickle cell crisis.
This type of anemia is an inherited disorder; it is not caused by lack of iron in the diet. Iron
supplementation is needed only if there is laboratory evidence of iron deficiency anemia. Self-
monitoring for any type of infections or sickle cell crisis and increased frequency of antenatal care visits
are part of the teaching plan of care.
A client is receiving a unit of packed red blood cells. Before the transfusion started, the client's blood
pressure was 90/50 mm Hg, pulse rate 100 bpm, respirations 20 breaths/minute, and temperature 98° F
(36.7° C). Fifteen minutes after the transfusion starts, the client's blood pressure is 92/54 mm Hg, pulse
100 bpm, respirations 18 breaths/minute, and temperature is 101.4° F (38.6° C). The nurse should first:
a) obtain a prescription for antibiotics.
b) stop the transfusion.
c) raise the head of the bed.
,d) offer the client a cool washcloth.
ANSWER-stop the transfusion.
The nurse's first action should be to clamp off the transfusion because the client is having a transfusion
reaction. It is most important that the client not receive any more blood. Other measures may be
appropriate after the blood has been stopped. The nurse should raise the head of the bed if the client
becomes short of breath. There is no need for antibiotic therapy for a blood transfusion related to a
temperature spike. The nurse can provide a cool washcloth for a headache or fever; however, this is not
a priority.
A client receiving a blood transfusion experiences an acute hemolytic reaction. Which nursing
intervention is the most important?
a) Stop the transfusion, notify the blood bank, and administer antihistamines.
b) Assess the temperature, blood pressure, and check for blood in the urine. Then stop the transfusion.
c) Slow the transfusion and monitor the client's vital signs.
d) Stop the transfusion, infuse normal saline solution, and call the physician.
ANSWER-Stop the transfusion, infuse normal saline solution, and call the physician.
When a transfusion reaction occurs, the transfusion should be immediately stopped, normal saline
solution should be infused to maintain venous access, and the physician and blood bank should be
notified immediately. Other nursing actions include saving the blood bag and tubing, rechecking the
blood type and identification numbers on the blood tags, monitoring vital signs, obtaining necessary
laboratory blood and urine samples, providing proper documentation, and monitoring and treating for
shock. Because they can cause red blood cell hemolysis, dextrose solutions should not be infused with
blood products. Antihistamines are administered for a mild allergic reaction, not a hemolytic reaction
A client with pernicious anemia asks why she must take vitamin B12 injections forever. Which is the
nurse's best response?
, a) "The reason for your vitamin deficiency is an inability to absorb the vitamin because the stomach is
not producing sufficient amounts of a factor that allows the vitamin to be absorbed."
b) "The reason for your vitamin deficiency is an inability to absorb the vitamin because the stomach is
not producing sufficient acid."
c) "The reason for your vitamin deficiency is an increased requirement for the vitamin because of rapid
red blood cell production."
d) "The reason for your vitamin deficiency is an excessive excretion of the vitamin because of kidney
dysfunction."
ANSWER-The reason for your vitamin deficiency is an inability to absorb the vitamin because the
stomach is not producing sufficient amounts of a factor that allows the vitamin to be absorbed."
Most clients with pernicious anemia have deficient production of intrinsic factor in the stomach.
Intrinsic factor attaches to the vitamin in the stomach and forms a complex that allows the vitamin to be
absorbed in the small intestine. The stomach is producing enough acid, there is not an excessive
excretion of the vitamin, and there is not a rapid production of red blood cells in this condition.
A client comes into the emergency department with extreme fatigue. He is malnourished and laboratory
tests reveal severe anemia. Based on an understanding of how vitamin and mineral deficiencies are
associated with anemia, the nurse should specifically ask the client about the intake of food high in
which of the following nutrients?
a) Vitamin K
b) Thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin
c) Vitamins A, E, and C
d) Vitamins B6 and B12, folate, iron, and copper
ANSWER-Vitamins B6 and B12, folate, iron, and copper
Many vitamin and mineral deficiencies can result in anemia. Intake of alll of these vitamins and minerals
need to be assessed, preferably through a nutrition assessment. Deficiencies of vitamins A, B6, and C
result in a small cell, microcytic anemia. Folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies result in a large cell,
macrocytic anemia. Iron, copper, and vitamin E deficiencies can also result in anemia. Vitamin K alters
clotting time, but is not associated with anemia
COMPLETE DETAILED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS ALREADY A+ GRADED
A client in sickle cell crisis has been hospitalized during her pregnancy. After giving discharge
instructions, the nurse determines the client needs further teaching when she makes which statement?
a) "Signs of any type of infection must be reported immediately."
b) "At the earliest signs of a crisis, I need to seek treatment."
c) "I will need more frequent appointments during the remainder of the pregnancy."
d) "I will need to take an iron supplement even if my laboratory values are normal."
ANSWER-"I will need to take an iron supplement even if my laboratory values are normal."
Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive disorder requiring both parents to have a sickle cell trait to
pass the disease to a child. Deoxygenated hemoglobin cells assume a sickle shape and obstruct tissues.
Tissue obstruction causes hypoxia to the area (vaso-occlusion) and results in pain, called sickle cell crisis.
This type of anemia is an inherited disorder; it is not caused by lack of iron in the diet. Iron
supplementation is needed only if there is laboratory evidence of iron deficiency anemia. Self-
monitoring for any type of infections or sickle cell crisis and increased frequency of antenatal care visits
are part of the teaching plan of care.
A client is receiving a unit of packed red blood cells. Before the transfusion started, the client's blood
pressure was 90/50 mm Hg, pulse rate 100 bpm, respirations 20 breaths/minute, and temperature 98° F
(36.7° C). Fifteen minutes after the transfusion starts, the client's blood pressure is 92/54 mm Hg, pulse
100 bpm, respirations 18 breaths/minute, and temperature is 101.4° F (38.6° C). The nurse should first:
a) obtain a prescription for antibiotics.
b) stop the transfusion.
c) raise the head of the bed.
,d) offer the client a cool washcloth.
ANSWER-stop the transfusion.
The nurse's first action should be to clamp off the transfusion because the client is having a transfusion
reaction. It is most important that the client not receive any more blood. Other measures may be
appropriate after the blood has been stopped. The nurse should raise the head of the bed if the client
becomes short of breath. There is no need for antibiotic therapy for a blood transfusion related to a
temperature spike. The nurse can provide a cool washcloth for a headache or fever; however, this is not
a priority.
A client receiving a blood transfusion experiences an acute hemolytic reaction. Which nursing
intervention is the most important?
a) Stop the transfusion, notify the blood bank, and administer antihistamines.
b) Assess the temperature, blood pressure, and check for blood in the urine. Then stop the transfusion.
c) Slow the transfusion and monitor the client's vital signs.
d) Stop the transfusion, infuse normal saline solution, and call the physician.
ANSWER-Stop the transfusion, infuse normal saline solution, and call the physician.
When a transfusion reaction occurs, the transfusion should be immediately stopped, normal saline
solution should be infused to maintain venous access, and the physician and blood bank should be
notified immediately. Other nursing actions include saving the blood bag and tubing, rechecking the
blood type and identification numbers on the blood tags, monitoring vital signs, obtaining necessary
laboratory blood and urine samples, providing proper documentation, and monitoring and treating for
shock. Because they can cause red blood cell hemolysis, dextrose solutions should not be infused with
blood products. Antihistamines are administered for a mild allergic reaction, not a hemolytic reaction
A client with pernicious anemia asks why she must take vitamin B12 injections forever. Which is the
nurse's best response?
, a) "The reason for your vitamin deficiency is an inability to absorb the vitamin because the stomach is
not producing sufficient amounts of a factor that allows the vitamin to be absorbed."
b) "The reason for your vitamin deficiency is an inability to absorb the vitamin because the stomach is
not producing sufficient acid."
c) "The reason for your vitamin deficiency is an increased requirement for the vitamin because of rapid
red blood cell production."
d) "The reason for your vitamin deficiency is an excessive excretion of the vitamin because of kidney
dysfunction."
ANSWER-The reason for your vitamin deficiency is an inability to absorb the vitamin because the
stomach is not producing sufficient amounts of a factor that allows the vitamin to be absorbed."
Most clients with pernicious anemia have deficient production of intrinsic factor in the stomach.
Intrinsic factor attaches to the vitamin in the stomach and forms a complex that allows the vitamin to be
absorbed in the small intestine. The stomach is producing enough acid, there is not an excessive
excretion of the vitamin, and there is not a rapid production of red blood cells in this condition.
A client comes into the emergency department with extreme fatigue. He is malnourished and laboratory
tests reveal severe anemia. Based on an understanding of how vitamin and mineral deficiencies are
associated with anemia, the nurse should specifically ask the client about the intake of food high in
which of the following nutrients?
a) Vitamin K
b) Thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin
c) Vitamins A, E, and C
d) Vitamins B6 and B12, folate, iron, and copper
ANSWER-Vitamins B6 and B12, folate, iron, and copper
Many vitamin and mineral deficiencies can result in anemia. Intake of alll of these vitamins and minerals
need to be assessed, preferably through a nutrition assessment. Deficiencies of vitamins A, B6, and C
result in a small cell, microcytic anemia. Folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies result in a large cell,
macrocytic anemia. Iron, copper, and vitamin E deficiencies can also result in anemia. Vitamin K alters
clotting time, but is not associated with anemia
