HESI/Saunders Module 7: Basic Care and Comfort Questions & AnswersHESI/Saunders Module 7: Basic Care and Comfort Questions & Answers

The nurse is instructing a client with hypertension about foods that are low in sodium. Which menu selections by the client indicate to the nurse that the client understands what has been taught? Select all that apply. a. Spaghetti with fresh tomatoes b. Boiled lobster with baked potato c. Grilled chicken with turnip greens d. Instant hot cereal with bacon e. Tomato soup with a ham sandwich - ANSWERSa. Spaghetti with fresh tomatoes c. Grilled chicken with turnip greens Rationale: Foods that are lower in sodium include fruits and vegetables, which do not contain physiologic saline. Fresh poultry and pastas are also low in sodium. Highly processed and refined foods and luncheon meats are high in sodium unless they are specifically labeled "low sodium." Saltwater fish and shellfish are higher in sodium. A nurse has provided dietary instructions to a client with a new diagnosis of gout. Which menu suggestions by the client indicate to the nurse that the client needs additional instruction? Select all that apply. a. Carrots b. Tapioca c. Scallops d. Broccoli e. Chicken liver - ANSWERSc. Scallops e. Chicken Liver Rationale: Organ meats such as liver, as well as certain sea foods, including scallops, sardines, and herring, should be omitted from the diet of the client who with gout because of the high purine content. The foods identified in the other options contain negligible amounts of purines and may be consumed freely by the client with gout. A clear liquid diet has been prescribed for client who has just undergone surgery. Which foods should the nurse offer to the client? Select all that apply. a. Custard b. Apple juice c. Orange juice d. Chicken broth e. Orange gelatin f. Vanilla ice cream - ANSWERSb. Apple juice d. Chicken broth e. Orange gelatin Rationale: A clear liquid diet consists of foods, such as apple juice, chicken broth, and gelatin, which are relatively transparent. Custard, orange juice, and vanilla ice cream are components of a full liquid diet. Triamterene has been prescribed for a client with a history of hypertension. Which fruits should the nurse tell the client are acceptable to eat while taking this medication? Select all that apply. a. Prunes b. Apples c. Peaches d. Avocados e. Nectarines f. Cranberries - ANSWERSb. Apples c. Peaches f. Cranberries Rationale: Triamterene is a potassium-retaining diuretic, so the client should avoid foods high in potassium. Fruits that are naturally high in potassium include dried prunes, avocado, bananas, fresh oranges and mangoes, nectarines, and papayas. Diverticulitis has been diagnosed in a client who has been experiencing episodes of gastrointestinal cramping. The nurse should tell the client to maintain which type of diet, during the asymptomatic period? a. Low in fat b. High in fiber c. Low in residue d. High in carbohydrates - ANSWERSb. High in fiber Rationale: When a client's diverticulitis is asymptomatic, a soft high-fiber diet containing fruits, vegetables, and whole grains is recommended. The client is also instructed to consume a small amount of bran daily and to take bulk-forming laxatives, if prescribed, to increase stool mass and softness. Increasing fluid intake to 2500 to 3000 mL daily (unless contraindicated) is also important. A low-fat diet may be healthy but is not specific to this disorder. A high-carbohydrate diet is not helpful for the client with this condition. A nurse is teaching a client with heart disease about a low-fat diet. Which foods should the nurse tell the client are acceptable to eat? Select all that apply. a. Avocados b. Baked tuna c. Green olives d. Baked potato e. Fresh cherries f. Cream cheese - ANSWERSb. Baked tuna d. Baked potato e. Fresh cherries Rationale: Fruits and vegetables tend to be lower in fat because they do not come from animal sources, although olives, though technically a fruit, are high in fat (as are avocados), and fish is also naturally lower in fat. Meats and dairy products (e.g., cream cheese) are higher in fat, although modifications can be made to these foods to reduce their fat content. A client with atrial fibrillation has been placed on warfarin sodium. As part of the instructions for the medication, which foods does the nurse tell the client are acceptable to eat? Select all that apply. a. Lettuce b. Cherries Correct c. Broccoli d. Cabbage e. Potatoes Correct f. Spaghetti Correct - ANSWERSb. Cherries e. Potatoes f. Spaghetti Rationale: Anticoagulant medications work by antagonizing the action of vitamin K, which is needed for clotting. When a client is taking an anticoagulant, foods high in vitamin K are often omitted from the diet. Vitamin K is found in large amounts in green leafy vegetables such as lettuce, broccoli, spinach, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, and turnip greens. Cherries, potatoes, and spaghetti are foods that are low in vitamin K. A regular diet has been prescribed for a client with a leg fracture who has been placed in skeletal traction. Which foods that will promote wound healing does the nurse encourage the client to select from the hospital menu? a. Spare ribs, rice, gelatin, tea b. Pasta, garlic bread, ginger ale c. Chicken breast, broccoli, strawberries, milk d. Peanut butter and jelly sandwich, chocolate cake, tea - ANSWERSc. Chicken breast, broccoli, strawberries, milk Rationale: Protein and vitamin C are necessary for wound healing. Poultry and milk are good sources of protein. Broccoli and strawberries are good sources of vitamin C. Peanut butter is a source of niacin. Gelatin, jelly, tea, and ginger ale have no nutritional value. Pasta, rice, and bread deliver complex carbohydrates. Spare ribs may contain some protein but are high in fat. A client who experienced a stroke (brain attack) is experiencing residual dysphagia. Which foods should the nurse remove from the client's meal tray? a. Peas b. Scrambled eggs c. Cheese casserole d. Mashed potatoes - ANSWERSa. Peas Rationale: In general, flavorful, warm, or well-chilled foods with texture stimulate the swallow reflex. Moist pastas, casseroles, egg dishes, and potatoes are usually well tolerated. Raw vegetables, chunky vegetables such as diced beets, stringy vegetables, and those with skin, such as corn and peas are foods commonly excluded from the diet of a client