Biology1B (1.10105) – External Mode Plant Lecture Revision
The lecture notes you received can be divided into four parts:
1) Plant structure & function
2) Plant nutrition
3) Plant reproduction
4) Plant responses to stimulus
Read and organize your notes into these four categories for ease of studying. Each number point, has
bullet points for that topic. This should serve as a guide for you when studying as to what to cover
adequately for each section.
PLANT CELLS (STRUCTURES AND FUNCTION)
,PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS
1) What are the major taxonomy groups of plants?
Know the MAJOR TAXONOMIC GROUPS OF PLANTS (flowering vs non-flowering; seed vs seedless)
1. Kingdom : Plantae
2. Sub – Kingdom (Division)
Thylophyta
Embryophyta
Bryophyta
Tracheophyta
TRACHEOPHYTA (Vascular Plants)
Vascular Bundles
Vascular bundles are made up of groups of specialized cells which conduct water, dissolved salts and
food up or down the stem. The vascular bundles in roots, stem, leaf stalks and leaf veins are all
connected up to form a transport system throughout the entire plant.
The two main tissues in the vascular bundles are the xylem and phloem. The cells in each tissues form
elongated tubes called vessels (in xylem) or sieve tubes (in the phloem) and they are surrounded and
supported by other cells.
Phloem + Xylem = Vascular Bundles
Xylem functions to strengthen the plant as well as transporting water and minerals.
Phloem functions to transport sugar from the leaf.
Sieve Tubes
o The conducting cell in the phloem remain active and form the sieve tubes. Like vessels, they
are form by vertical columns of cells. Perforations appear in the end walls, allowing
substances to pass from cell to cell, but the cell wall are not lignified and the cell contents
do not die although they do lose nuclei. The perforated end walls are called sieve plates.
, o Phloem contains supporting cells as well as sieve cells.
Bundle sheath cell – a layer of cells in plant leaves and stems that form a sheath surrounding the
vascular bundle.
1. Seedless Vascular Plants
i. Lycophytes
ii. Horsetails
iii. Ferns
2. Seed Bearing Plants
i. Gymnosperm – Non-Flowering Plants
ii. Angiosperm – Flowering Plants
Magnoliids
Eudicots
Monocots
2) What are the plant features that enable plants to live on land?
I. Waterproof cuticle
II. Stomata
III. Vascular tissue
3) List the group of plants from the oldest to the more recent day group.
Ancestral Green Algae
Bryophytes (Origin of Land plants)
Pteridophytes ( Early vascular plants)
Progymnosperms (extinct)
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
The lecture notes you received can be divided into four parts:
1) Plant structure & function
2) Plant nutrition
3) Plant reproduction
4) Plant responses to stimulus
Read and organize your notes into these four categories for ease of studying. Each number point, has
bullet points for that topic. This should serve as a guide for you when studying as to what to cover
adequately for each section.
PLANT CELLS (STRUCTURES AND FUNCTION)
,PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS
1) What are the major taxonomy groups of plants?
Know the MAJOR TAXONOMIC GROUPS OF PLANTS (flowering vs non-flowering; seed vs seedless)
1. Kingdom : Plantae
2. Sub – Kingdom (Division)
Thylophyta
Embryophyta
Bryophyta
Tracheophyta
TRACHEOPHYTA (Vascular Plants)
Vascular Bundles
Vascular bundles are made up of groups of specialized cells which conduct water, dissolved salts and
food up or down the stem. The vascular bundles in roots, stem, leaf stalks and leaf veins are all
connected up to form a transport system throughout the entire plant.
The two main tissues in the vascular bundles are the xylem and phloem. The cells in each tissues form
elongated tubes called vessels (in xylem) or sieve tubes (in the phloem) and they are surrounded and
supported by other cells.
Phloem + Xylem = Vascular Bundles
Xylem functions to strengthen the plant as well as transporting water and minerals.
Phloem functions to transport sugar from the leaf.
Sieve Tubes
o The conducting cell in the phloem remain active and form the sieve tubes. Like vessels, they
are form by vertical columns of cells. Perforations appear in the end walls, allowing
substances to pass from cell to cell, but the cell wall are not lignified and the cell contents
do not die although they do lose nuclei. The perforated end walls are called sieve plates.
, o Phloem contains supporting cells as well as sieve cells.
Bundle sheath cell – a layer of cells in plant leaves and stems that form a sheath surrounding the
vascular bundle.
1. Seedless Vascular Plants
i. Lycophytes
ii. Horsetails
iii. Ferns
2. Seed Bearing Plants
i. Gymnosperm – Non-Flowering Plants
ii. Angiosperm – Flowering Plants
Magnoliids
Eudicots
Monocots
2) What are the plant features that enable plants to live on land?
I. Waterproof cuticle
II. Stomata
III. Vascular tissue
3) List the group of plants from the oldest to the more recent day group.
Ancestral Green Algae
Bryophytes (Origin of Land plants)
Pteridophytes ( Early vascular plants)
Progymnosperms (extinct)
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
