NSG 3160- Exam 3
1. Right side of the heart pumps to...: Lungs
2. Left side of heart pumps...: simutaneously to body
3. Septum: wall that separates two pumps
4. atrioventricular valves: separate atria and ventricles
heard at apex, located at bottom of heart: 5th rib intercostal spac
5. Apical pulse is also called: Mitral area/PM/Apex
6. Right AV valve =: tricuspid valve, 5th intercostal space at left sternal border
7. Left AV valve =: Mitral valve, 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line
8. Semilunar (SL) valves: between ventricles and arteries 3 cusps that look like
half moons heard at BASE, located at TOP of heart
9. pulmonic valve: located on right side of heart, 2nd L intercostal space
10. aortic valve: located on left side of heart, 2nd R intercostal space
11. Diastole phase: ventricles relax, heart fills with blood
2/3 of cycle
AV valves (tricuspid and mitral) are OPEN
pressure in atria is higher than in ventricles.
1st filling phase is called early or protodiastolic filling.
2nd filling is called presystole or atrial systole
12. Systole phase: blood pumped from ventricles and fills pulmonary and systemi
arteries
, NSG 3160- Exam 3
1/3 of cardiac cycle
ventricular pressure is now HIGHER than that of atria, causing atria to close. After
blood ejection, pressure falls in ventricles. When pressure falls below pressure in
aorta, some blood flows backward towards ventricle, causing aortic valve to shut.
13. S1 or Lub: closer of AV valve
14. S2 or Dub: closure of semilunar valve
15. S3 heart sound: ‘ventricular filling pressure (e.g., mitral regurgitation, HF),
common in dilated ventricles. VIBRATIONS heard over chest. A gallop.
Occurs immediately after S2 (LUB DUB DUB). May be early sign of heart failure.
16. S4 heart sound: occurs at end of Diastole, at presystole. HEARD BEST
AT APEX w/ pt turned to LEFT LATERAL so heart is closer to chest wall.
VIBRATION is very soft and low pitch. Occurs jsut before S1 (DUB LUB DUB)
17. murmur: abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart
valves. turbulent blood flow.
18. Automaticity: contracts by itself, independent of any signals or stimulation from
body.
19. SA node: "pacemaker" of heart
20. P wave: atrial depolarization
21. PR interval: beginning of P wave to beginning of QRS complex
22. QRS complex: depolarization of the ventricles
23. T wave: repolarization of ventricles
24. Cardiac Output (CO): Amount of blood pumped in 1 minute (4-6 L)
, NSG 3160- Exam 3
CO=SV x R
25. carotid artery: located in groove b/w trachea and sternomastoid muscle.
palpate only 1 at a time.
26. jugular vein: Vein that carries blood from the R atrium into the superior vena
cava
27. Risk factor for CVD: elevated cholesterol
High BP
Known diabetes or blood sugar levels above 11 mg/dL
Obesity
Cig smoking
Low physical activity
gender
length of hormone replacement therapy
28. Aging adult heart: hemodynamic changes (increase in systolic BP caused by
THICKENING & STIFFENING of large arteries. Diastolic BP may decrease after
5th decade of life. Heart size and heart rate do not change. INCREASE in AP
diameter (difficulty palpating apical pulse). SYSTOLIC MURMUR. DYSRHTHMIAS
(INCREASE in presence of supra-ventricular and ventricular dysrhythmias.
29. Bruit: blowing, swooshing sound indicating BLOOD FLOW TURBULENCE
heard through a stethoscope when an artery is partially occluded
30. Inspecting the Jugular Venous Pulse: -position person supine at 45 degree
angle where you can best see pulsations
-remove pillow, turn head away from self
-hold ruler VERTICAL to sternal angle, straight edge like tongue depressor.
-if JVD or heart failure suspected, THEN perform abdominojugular test
31. THRILL: palpable vibration. feels like throat of purring cat. Signifies turbulent
blood flow, can be felt with pulmonary stenosis
32. Acute heart failure: following a myocardial infarction, when contractibility has
been damaged
33. Chronic heart failure: as w/HTN, when the ventricles must pump against
chronically increased pressure
34. aortic stenosis: Calcification of the aortic valve cusps that restricts forward flo
of the blood during systole; Left Ventricular hypertrophy develops.
æSubjective: fatigue, DOE, palpitations, dizziness, fainting, anginal pain
æObjective Data: Pallor, slow diminished radial pulse, low BP. Thrill in systole over
2nd and 3rd right interspaces and right side of the neck.
1. Right side of the heart pumps to...: Lungs
2. Left side of heart pumps...: simutaneously to body
3. Septum: wall that separates two pumps
4. atrioventricular valves: separate atria and ventricles
heard at apex, located at bottom of heart: 5th rib intercostal spac
5. Apical pulse is also called: Mitral area/PM/Apex
6. Right AV valve =: tricuspid valve, 5th intercostal space at left sternal border
7. Left AV valve =: Mitral valve, 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular line
8. Semilunar (SL) valves: between ventricles and arteries 3 cusps that look like
half moons heard at BASE, located at TOP of heart
9. pulmonic valve: located on right side of heart, 2nd L intercostal space
10. aortic valve: located on left side of heart, 2nd R intercostal space
11. Diastole phase: ventricles relax, heart fills with blood
2/3 of cycle
AV valves (tricuspid and mitral) are OPEN
pressure in atria is higher than in ventricles.
1st filling phase is called early or protodiastolic filling.
2nd filling is called presystole or atrial systole
12. Systole phase: blood pumped from ventricles and fills pulmonary and systemi
arteries
, NSG 3160- Exam 3
1/3 of cardiac cycle
ventricular pressure is now HIGHER than that of atria, causing atria to close. After
blood ejection, pressure falls in ventricles. When pressure falls below pressure in
aorta, some blood flows backward towards ventricle, causing aortic valve to shut.
13. S1 or Lub: closer of AV valve
14. S2 or Dub: closure of semilunar valve
15. S3 heart sound: ‘ventricular filling pressure (e.g., mitral regurgitation, HF),
common in dilated ventricles. VIBRATIONS heard over chest. A gallop.
Occurs immediately after S2 (LUB DUB DUB). May be early sign of heart failure.
16. S4 heart sound: occurs at end of Diastole, at presystole. HEARD BEST
AT APEX w/ pt turned to LEFT LATERAL so heart is closer to chest wall.
VIBRATION is very soft and low pitch. Occurs jsut before S1 (DUB LUB DUB)
17. murmur: abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart
valves. turbulent blood flow.
18. Automaticity: contracts by itself, independent of any signals or stimulation from
body.
19. SA node: "pacemaker" of heart
20. P wave: atrial depolarization
21. PR interval: beginning of P wave to beginning of QRS complex
22. QRS complex: depolarization of the ventricles
23. T wave: repolarization of ventricles
24. Cardiac Output (CO): Amount of blood pumped in 1 minute (4-6 L)
, NSG 3160- Exam 3
CO=SV x R
25. carotid artery: located in groove b/w trachea and sternomastoid muscle.
palpate only 1 at a time.
26. jugular vein: Vein that carries blood from the R atrium into the superior vena
cava
27. Risk factor for CVD: elevated cholesterol
High BP
Known diabetes or blood sugar levels above 11 mg/dL
Obesity
Cig smoking
Low physical activity
gender
length of hormone replacement therapy
28. Aging adult heart: hemodynamic changes (increase in systolic BP caused by
THICKENING & STIFFENING of large arteries. Diastolic BP may decrease after
5th decade of life. Heart size and heart rate do not change. INCREASE in AP
diameter (difficulty palpating apical pulse). SYSTOLIC MURMUR. DYSRHTHMIAS
(INCREASE in presence of supra-ventricular and ventricular dysrhythmias.
29. Bruit: blowing, swooshing sound indicating BLOOD FLOW TURBULENCE
heard through a stethoscope when an artery is partially occluded
30. Inspecting the Jugular Venous Pulse: -position person supine at 45 degree
angle where you can best see pulsations
-remove pillow, turn head away from self
-hold ruler VERTICAL to sternal angle, straight edge like tongue depressor.
-if JVD or heart failure suspected, THEN perform abdominojugular test
31. THRILL: palpable vibration. feels like throat of purring cat. Signifies turbulent
blood flow, can be felt with pulmonary stenosis
32. Acute heart failure: following a myocardial infarction, when contractibility has
been damaged
33. Chronic heart failure: as w/HTN, when the ventricles must pump against
chronically increased pressure
34. aortic stenosis: Calcification of the aortic valve cusps that restricts forward flo
of the blood during systole; Left Ventricular hypertrophy develops.
æSubjective: fatigue, DOE, palpitations, dizziness, fainting, anginal pain
æObjective Data: Pallor, slow diminished radial pulse, low BP. Thrill in systole over
2nd and 3rd right interspaces and right side of the neck.
