BIOMOLECULES OF LIFE_REVION QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
CELLS
1. What are the two main types of cells? 10. What are mitochondria? What is their function?
The two main types of cells are prokaryotic cells Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell.
and eukaryotic cells. They produce ATP, which is the cell's energy
currency.
2. What are the three main parts of a cell?
The three main parts of a cell are the plasma 11. What are chloroplasts? What is their function?
membrane, the cytoplasm, and the nucleus. Chloroplasts are found in plant cells. They contain
chlorophyll, which is a green pigment that captures
3. What is the function of the nucleus? sunlight and uses it to make food for the plant.
The nucleus is the control center of the cell. It
contains the cell's DNA, which is the genetic 12. What is the cytoskeleton? What are its functions?
material. The cytoskeleton is a network of protein fibers that
gives the cell its shape and helps it to move. It also
4. What are ribosomes? Where are they found? helps to move organelles around the cell.
Ribosomes are the protein factories of the cell.
They are found in the cytoplasm, and they are 13. What is the extracellular matrix? What are its
attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. functions?
The extracellular matrix is the material that
5. What is the endoplasmic reticulum? What are its surrounds the cell. It provides support for the cell
two main functions? and helps to protect it from damage.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of
membranes that are found in the cytoplasm. It has 14. What are the similarities and differences between
two main functions: prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
• To synthesize proteins The similarities between prokaryotic and
• To transport proteins to other parts of the cell eukaryotic cells are that they both have DNA,
ribosomes, and a plasma membrane. The
6. What is the Golgi apparatus? What is its function? differences are that prokaryotic cells do not have a
The Golgi apparatus is a stack of flattened sacs that nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles,
are found in the cytoplasm. It is responsible for while eukaryotic cells do.
packaging and distributing proteins that have been
synthesized by the endoplasmic reticulum. 15. What are the different types of organelles found in
eukaryotic cells?
7. What are lysosomes? What are their functions? The different types of organelles found in
Lysosomes are small sacs that are found in the eukaryotic cells are:
cytoplasm. They contain enzymes that break down • Nucleus: The control center of the cell. It
cellular waste products and foreign materials. contains the cell's DNA, which is the genetic
material.
8. What are peroxisomes? What are their functions? • Ribosomes: The protein factories of the cell.
Peroxisomes are small sacs that are found in the They are found in the cytoplasm, and they are
cytoplasm. They contain enzymes that break down attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
harmful substances, such as free radicals. • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): A network of
membranes that are found in the cytoplasm. It
9. What are vacuoles? What are their functions? is involved in protein synthesis, lipid synthesis,
Vacuoles are large sacs that are found in the and detoxification.
cytoplasm. They store water, food, and other
materials.
, • Golgi apparatus: A stack of flattened sacs that • Mitochondria: Produce ATP, which is the cell's
are found in the cytoplasm. It is responsible for energy currency.
packaging and distributing proteins that have • Chloroplasts: Make food for the plant.
been synthesized by the endoplasmic • Cytoskeleton: Gives the cell its shape and helps it
reticulum. to move.
• Lysosomes: Small sacs that are found in the • Extracellular matrix: Provides support for the cell
cytoplasm. They contain enzymes that break and helps to protect it from damage.
down cellular waste products and foreign
materials. 17. How do the organelles work together to keep the
• Peroxisomes: Small sacs that are found in the cell alive?
cytoplasm. They contain enzymes that break The organelles work together in a coordinated
down harmful substances, such as free manner to keep the cell alive. For example, the
radicals. nucleus provides the instructions for making
• Vacuoles: Large sacs that are found in the proteins, the ribosomes make proteins, the
cytoplasm. They store water, food, and other endoplasmic reticulum transports proteins to other
materials. parts of the cell, the Golgi apparatus packages and
• Mitochondria: The powerhouses of the cell. distributes proteins, the lysosomes break down
They produce ATP, which is the cell's energy cellular waste products, the peroxisomes break
currency. down harmful substances, the vacuoles store
• Chloroplasts: Found in plant cells. They contain water, food, and other materials, the mitochondria
chlorophyll, which is a green pigment that produce ATP, the chloroplasts make food for the
captures sunlight and uses it to make food for plant, the cytoskeleton gives the cell its shape and
the plant. helps it to move, and the extracellular matrix
• Cytoskeleton: A network of protein fibers that provides support for the cell and helps to protect it
gives the cell its shape and helps it to move. from damage.
• Extracellular matrix: The material that
surrounds the cell. It provides support for the 18. How do the cell's structures and functions change as
cell and helps to protect it from damage. it grows and divides?
As the cell grows, its structures and functions
16. What are the functions of the different organelles? change to accommodate its increasing size. For
The functions of the different organelles are: example, the nucleus becomes larger, and the
• Nucleus: Stores the cell's DNA, which is the mitochondria increase in number. When the cell
genetic material. It also controls the cell's divides, its structures and functions are divided
activities. into two new cells.
• Ribosomes: Make proteins.
• Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): Transports 19. How do the cell's structures and functions change in
proteins to other parts of the cell, synthesizes response to its environment?
lipids, and detoxifies chemicals. The cell's structures and functions can change in
• Golgi apparatus: Packages and distributes proteins response to its environment. For example, if the
that have been synthesized by the endoplasmic cell is exposed to cold, its mitochondria will
reticulum. produce more heat to keep the cell warm. If the
• Lysosomes: Break down cellular waste products cell is exposed to a toxin, its lysosomes will break
and foreign materials. down the toxin.
• Peroxisomes: Break down harmful substances,
such as free radicals.
• Vacuoles: Store water, food, and other materials.
CELLS
1. What are the two main types of cells? 10. What are mitochondria? What is their function?
The two main types of cells are prokaryotic cells Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell.
and eukaryotic cells. They produce ATP, which is the cell's energy
currency.
2. What are the three main parts of a cell?
The three main parts of a cell are the plasma 11. What are chloroplasts? What is their function?
membrane, the cytoplasm, and the nucleus. Chloroplasts are found in plant cells. They contain
chlorophyll, which is a green pigment that captures
3. What is the function of the nucleus? sunlight and uses it to make food for the plant.
The nucleus is the control center of the cell. It
contains the cell's DNA, which is the genetic 12. What is the cytoskeleton? What are its functions?
material. The cytoskeleton is a network of protein fibers that
gives the cell its shape and helps it to move. It also
4. What are ribosomes? Where are they found? helps to move organelles around the cell.
Ribosomes are the protein factories of the cell.
They are found in the cytoplasm, and they are 13. What is the extracellular matrix? What are its
attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. functions?
The extracellular matrix is the material that
5. What is the endoplasmic reticulum? What are its surrounds the cell. It provides support for the cell
two main functions? and helps to protect it from damage.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of
membranes that are found in the cytoplasm. It has 14. What are the similarities and differences between
two main functions: prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
• To synthesize proteins The similarities between prokaryotic and
• To transport proteins to other parts of the cell eukaryotic cells are that they both have DNA,
ribosomes, and a plasma membrane. The
6. What is the Golgi apparatus? What is its function? differences are that prokaryotic cells do not have a
The Golgi apparatus is a stack of flattened sacs that nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles,
are found in the cytoplasm. It is responsible for while eukaryotic cells do.
packaging and distributing proteins that have been
synthesized by the endoplasmic reticulum. 15. What are the different types of organelles found in
eukaryotic cells?
7. What are lysosomes? What are their functions? The different types of organelles found in
Lysosomes are small sacs that are found in the eukaryotic cells are:
cytoplasm. They contain enzymes that break down • Nucleus: The control center of the cell. It
cellular waste products and foreign materials. contains the cell's DNA, which is the genetic
material.
8. What are peroxisomes? What are their functions? • Ribosomes: The protein factories of the cell.
Peroxisomes are small sacs that are found in the They are found in the cytoplasm, and they are
cytoplasm. They contain enzymes that break down attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
harmful substances, such as free radicals. • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): A network of
membranes that are found in the cytoplasm. It
9. What are vacuoles? What are their functions? is involved in protein synthesis, lipid synthesis,
Vacuoles are large sacs that are found in the and detoxification.
cytoplasm. They store water, food, and other
materials.
, • Golgi apparatus: A stack of flattened sacs that • Mitochondria: Produce ATP, which is the cell's
are found in the cytoplasm. It is responsible for energy currency.
packaging and distributing proteins that have • Chloroplasts: Make food for the plant.
been synthesized by the endoplasmic • Cytoskeleton: Gives the cell its shape and helps it
reticulum. to move.
• Lysosomes: Small sacs that are found in the • Extracellular matrix: Provides support for the cell
cytoplasm. They contain enzymes that break and helps to protect it from damage.
down cellular waste products and foreign
materials. 17. How do the organelles work together to keep the
• Peroxisomes: Small sacs that are found in the cell alive?
cytoplasm. They contain enzymes that break The organelles work together in a coordinated
down harmful substances, such as free manner to keep the cell alive. For example, the
radicals. nucleus provides the instructions for making
• Vacuoles: Large sacs that are found in the proteins, the ribosomes make proteins, the
cytoplasm. They store water, food, and other endoplasmic reticulum transports proteins to other
materials. parts of the cell, the Golgi apparatus packages and
• Mitochondria: The powerhouses of the cell. distributes proteins, the lysosomes break down
They produce ATP, which is the cell's energy cellular waste products, the peroxisomes break
currency. down harmful substances, the vacuoles store
• Chloroplasts: Found in plant cells. They contain water, food, and other materials, the mitochondria
chlorophyll, which is a green pigment that produce ATP, the chloroplasts make food for the
captures sunlight and uses it to make food for plant, the cytoskeleton gives the cell its shape and
the plant. helps it to move, and the extracellular matrix
• Cytoskeleton: A network of protein fibers that provides support for the cell and helps to protect it
gives the cell its shape and helps it to move. from damage.
• Extracellular matrix: The material that
surrounds the cell. It provides support for the 18. How do the cell's structures and functions change as
cell and helps to protect it from damage. it grows and divides?
As the cell grows, its structures and functions
16. What are the functions of the different organelles? change to accommodate its increasing size. For
The functions of the different organelles are: example, the nucleus becomes larger, and the
• Nucleus: Stores the cell's DNA, which is the mitochondria increase in number. When the cell
genetic material. It also controls the cell's divides, its structures and functions are divided
activities. into two new cells.
• Ribosomes: Make proteins.
• Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): Transports 19. How do the cell's structures and functions change in
proteins to other parts of the cell, synthesizes response to its environment?
lipids, and detoxifies chemicals. The cell's structures and functions can change in
• Golgi apparatus: Packages and distributes proteins response to its environment. For example, if the
that have been synthesized by the endoplasmic cell is exposed to cold, its mitochondria will
reticulum. produce more heat to keep the cell warm. If the
• Lysosomes: Break down cellular waste products cell is exposed to a toxin, its lysosomes will break
and foreign materials. down the toxin.
• Peroxisomes: Break down harmful substances,
such as free radicals.
• Vacuoles: Store water, food, and other materials.
