1 2
Module : 1
Course Outline:
Module Duration
Description Cognitive Level
outcomes (Hours)
CO1 Outline the automation opportunities and strategies.
Identify the opportunities for
M1.01 2 Understanding
computerization in manufacturing system.
Discuss about automation, its elements and
M1.02 16 Understanding
types
Discuss the principles and strategies for
M1.03 7 Understanding
automation
Contents:
Concept of Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM); Opportunities for Automation and
6021-B Computerization in a Production System - Facilities and Manufacturing Support Systems;
Basic elements of automation, Advanced automation functions, Levels of automation;
COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING
Sensors - Desirable features, common types of sensors used in automation;
Actuators - common types of actuators used in automation;
Types of Automation - Programmable Automation, Flexible Automation and Fixed
Automation; Reasons for Automation;
USA principle, Ten Strategies for Automation and Process Improvement; Automation
Migration Strategy - Manual Production, Automated Production, Automated Integrated
Production.
AJMAL FARHAN | MPTC AJMAL FARHAN | MPTC
, 3 4
Concept of CIM ➢ Product Design: If the product is to be
Computer integrated manufacturing encompasses the manufactured to customer design, the design will
entire range of product development and manufacturing have been provided by the customer. The
activities with all the functions being carried out by dedicated manufacturer's product design department will not
software’s. be involved. If the product is to be produced to
customer specifications, the manufacturer's
CIM is generally considered a manufacturing and product design department maybe contracted to do
management strategy. It is simply the use of software the design work for the product as well as to
technology to integrate designing, production, marketing and manufacture it. If the product is proprietary the
delivery of a product. manufacturing firm is responsible for its
Definition of CIM development and design. The cycle of events that
“CIM is the integration of the total manufacturing initiates a new product design often originates in
enterprise through the use of integrated systems and data the sales and marketing department. The
communications coupled with new managerial philosophies departments of the firm that are organized to
that improve organizational and personnel efficiency.” accomplish product design might include research
and development, design engineering, drafting, and
What are the elements of CIM? perhaps a prototype shop.
1. Business functions ➢ Manufacturing Planning: The information and
2. Product design documentation that constitute the product design
3. Manufacturing planning flows into the manufacturing planning function.
4. Manufacturing control The information processing activities in
➢ Business Functions: The business functions are the manufacturing planning include process planning,
principal means of communicating with the master scheduling, requirements planning, and
customer. They are therefore, the beginning and capacity planning. Process planning consists of
the end of the information processing cycle. determining the sequence of individual processing
Included in this category are sales and marketing, and assembly operations needed to produce the
sales forecasting, order entry, cost accounting, and part. The manufacturing engineering and industrial
customer billing. engineering departments are responsible for
planning the processes and related technical
AJMAL FARHAN | MPTC AJMAL FARHAN | MPTC
, 5 6
derails, Manufacturing planning includes logistics • Shorter vendor lead time
issues. • Reduced inventory levels
• Improved schedule performance
➢ Manufacturing control: • Greater flexibility and responsiveness
Manufacturing control is concerned with managing and • Improved competitiveness
controlling the physical operations in the factory to • Lower total cost
implement the manufacturing plans. Manufacturing • Shorter customer lead time
control functions are shop floor control, inventory • Increase in manufacturing productivity
control, and quality control. • Decrease in work-in process inventory.
What is CIM? Relation between CAD, CAM & CIM
• CIM is the integration of all enterprise operations and Computer integrated manufacturing includes all of the
activities around a common corporate data engineering functions of CAD/CAM, but it also includes the
• repository. firm’s business functions that are related to manufacturing.
• It is the use of integrated systems and data
communications coupled with new managerial
• philosophies.
• CIM is not a product that can be purchased and Define automation.
installed.
Automation is generally defined as the process of having
• It is a way of thinking and solving problems.
machines follow a predetermined sequence of operations
• This integration allows individual processes to exchange
with little or no human labor, using specialized equipment
information with each other and initiate
and devices that performs and control manufacturing
• actions.
processes.
Potential Benefits of CIM
• Improved customer service Basic elements of an automated system:
• Improved quality
1. Power to accomplish the process and operate the
• Shorter time to market with new products
system.
• Shorter flow time
2. A program of instructions to direct the process.
AJMAL FARHAN | MPTC AJMAL FARHAN | MPTC
, 7 8
3. A control system to actuate the instructions. • Electrical power at low levels can be used to accomplish
functions such as signal transmission, information
processing, and data storage and communication.
• Electrical energy can be stored in long-life batteries for
use in locations where an external source of electrical
power is not conveniently available. Alternative power
sources include fossil fuels, solar energy, water, and wind.
However, their exclusive use is rare in automated systems.
Program of Instructions:
• The actions performed in an automated process are
defined by a program of instructions whether the
manufacturing operation involves low, medium, or
high production
• Each part or product style made in the operation
Power to Accomplish the Automated Process:
requires one or more processing steps that are unique
An automated system is used to operate some process, to that style, these processing steps are performed
and power is required to drive the processes as well as the during a work cycle.
controls. The principal source of power in automated • A new part is completed during each work cycle. The
systems is electricity. particular processing steps for the work cycle are
Electric power has many advantages in automated as well specified in a work cycle program.
as non-automated processes • Work cycle programs are called part programs in
numerical control. Other process control applications
•Electrical power is widely available at moderate cost. It is
use different names for this type of program.
an important part of our industrial infrastructure.
Control System:
• Electrical power can be readily converted 10 alternative
energy forms: mechanical, thermal, light, acoustic, • The control element of the automated system
hydraulic, and pneumatic. executes the program of instructions.
AJMAL FARHAN | MPTC AJMAL FARHAN | MPTC
Module : 1
Course Outline:
Module Duration
Description Cognitive Level
outcomes (Hours)
CO1 Outline the automation opportunities and strategies.
Identify the opportunities for
M1.01 2 Understanding
computerization in manufacturing system.
Discuss about automation, its elements and
M1.02 16 Understanding
types
Discuss the principles and strategies for
M1.03 7 Understanding
automation
Contents:
Concept of Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM); Opportunities for Automation and
6021-B Computerization in a Production System - Facilities and Manufacturing Support Systems;
Basic elements of automation, Advanced automation functions, Levels of automation;
COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING
Sensors - Desirable features, common types of sensors used in automation;
Actuators - common types of actuators used in automation;
Types of Automation - Programmable Automation, Flexible Automation and Fixed
Automation; Reasons for Automation;
USA principle, Ten Strategies for Automation and Process Improvement; Automation
Migration Strategy - Manual Production, Automated Production, Automated Integrated
Production.
AJMAL FARHAN | MPTC AJMAL FARHAN | MPTC
, 3 4
Concept of CIM ➢ Product Design: If the product is to be
Computer integrated manufacturing encompasses the manufactured to customer design, the design will
entire range of product development and manufacturing have been provided by the customer. The
activities with all the functions being carried out by dedicated manufacturer's product design department will not
software’s. be involved. If the product is to be produced to
customer specifications, the manufacturer's
CIM is generally considered a manufacturing and product design department maybe contracted to do
management strategy. It is simply the use of software the design work for the product as well as to
technology to integrate designing, production, marketing and manufacture it. If the product is proprietary the
delivery of a product. manufacturing firm is responsible for its
Definition of CIM development and design. The cycle of events that
“CIM is the integration of the total manufacturing initiates a new product design often originates in
enterprise through the use of integrated systems and data the sales and marketing department. The
communications coupled with new managerial philosophies departments of the firm that are organized to
that improve organizational and personnel efficiency.” accomplish product design might include research
and development, design engineering, drafting, and
What are the elements of CIM? perhaps a prototype shop.
1. Business functions ➢ Manufacturing Planning: The information and
2. Product design documentation that constitute the product design
3. Manufacturing planning flows into the manufacturing planning function.
4. Manufacturing control The information processing activities in
➢ Business Functions: The business functions are the manufacturing planning include process planning,
principal means of communicating with the master scheduling, requirements planning, and
customer. They are therefore, the beginning and capacity planning. Process planning consists of
the end of the information processing cycle. determining the sequence of individual processing
Included in this category are sales and marketing, and assembly operations needed to produce the
sales forecasting, order entry, cost accounting, and part. The manufacturing engineering and industrial
customer billing. engineering departments are responsible for
planning the processes and related technical
AJMAL FARHAN | MPTC AJMAL FARHAN | MPTC
, 5 6
derails, Manufacturing planning includes logistics • Shorter vendor lead time
issues. • Reduced inventory levels
• Improved schedule performance
➢ Manufacturing control: • Greater flexibility and responsiveness
Manufacturing control is concerned with managing and • Improved competitiveness
controlling the physical operations in the factory to • Lower total cost
implement the manufacturing plans. Manufacturing • Shorter customer lead time
control functions are shop floor control, inventory • Increase in manufacturing productivity
control, and quality control. • Decrease in work-in process inventory.
What is CIM? Relation between CAD, CAM & CIM
• CIM is the integration of all enterprise operations and Computer integrated manufacturing includes all of the
activities around a common corporate data engineering functions of CAD/CAM, but it also includes the
• repository. firm’s business functions that are related to manufacturing.
• It is the use of integrated systems and data
communications coupled with new managerial
• philosophies.
• CIM is not a product that can be purchased and Define automation.
installed.
Automation is generally defined as the process of having
• It is a way of thinking and solving problems.
machines follow a predetermined sequence of operations
• This integration allows individual processes to exchange
with little or no human labor, using specialized equipment
information with each other and initiate
and devices that performs and control manufacturing
• actions.
processes.
Potential Benefits of CIM
• Improved customer service Basic elements of an automated system:
• Improved quality
1. Power to accomplish the process and operate the
• Shorter time to market with new products
system.
• Shorter flow time
2. A program of instructions to direct the process.
AJMAL FARHAN | MPTC AJMAL FARHAN | MPTC
, 7 8
3. A control system to actuate the instructions. • Electrical power at low levels can be used to accomplish
functions such as signal transmission, information
processing, and data storage and communication.
• Electrical energy can be stored in long-life batteries for
use in locations where an external source of electrical
power is not conveniently available. Alternative power
sources include fossil fuels, solar energy, water, and wind.
However, their exclusive use is rare in automated systems.
Program of Instructions:
• The actions performed in an automated process are
defined by a program of instructions whether the
manufacturing operation involves low, medium, or
high production
• Each part or product style made in the operation
Power to Accomplish the Automated Process:
requires one or more processing steps that are unique
An automated system is used to operate some process, to that style, these processing steps are performed
and power is required to drive the processes as well as the during a work cycle.
controls. The principal source of power in automated • A new part is completed during each work cycle. The
systems is electricity. particular processing steps for the work cycle are
Electric power has many advantages in automated as well specified in a work cycle program.
as non-automated processes • Work cycle programs are called part programs in
numerical control. Other process control applications
•Electrical power is widely available at moderate cost. It is
use different names for this type of program.
an important part of our industrial infrastructure.
Control System:
• Electrical power can be readily converted 10 alternative
energy forms: mechanical, thermal, light, acoustic, • The control element of the automated system
hydraulic, and pneumatic. executes the program of instructions.
AJMAL FARHAN | MPTC AJMAL FARHAN | MPTC
