1. What is the term for a segment of DNA that codes for a specific
protein?
A. Chromosome
B. Gene
C. Codon
D. Allele
Answer: B) Gene
Rationale: A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions
for synthesizing a specific protein or functional RNA.
2. What type of molecule is insulin?
A. Lipid
B. Carbohydrate
C. Protein
D. Nucleic acid
Answer: C) Protein
Rationale: Insulin is a protein hormone produced by the pancreas,
which helps regulate blood sugar levels in the body.
3. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
,A. Lack of a nucleus
B. Presence of a cell membrane
C. Presence of membrane-bound organelles
D. Presence of ribosomes
Answer: C) Presence of membrane-bound organelles
Rationale: Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles, unlike
eukaryotic cells which have structures like the nucleus, mitochondria,
and endoplasmic reticulum.
4. Which of the following structures is found in plant cells but not in
animal cells?
A. Mitochondria
B. Nucleus
C. Chloroplasts
D. Ribosomes
Answer: C) Chloroplasts
Rationale: Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis and are
found only in plant cells (and some algae). Animal cells lack
chloroplasts.
5. Which phase of mitosis involves the separation of sister chromatids?
A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
, C. Anaphase
D. Telophase
Answer: C) Anaphase
Rationale: During anaphase, the sister chromatids are separated and
pulled toward opposite poles of the cell.
6. What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?
A. Protein synthesis
B. Protein modification and packaging
C. DNA replication
D. Energy production
Answer: B) Protein modification and packaging
Rationale: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
and lipids for transport to their destination inside or outside the cell.
7. Which of the following processes results in genetic variation in
sexually reproducing organisms?
A. Binary fission
B. Mitosis
C. Crossing over during meiosis
D. Cloning
Answer: C) Crossing over during meiosis
protein?
A. Chromosome
B. Gene
C. Codon
D. Allele
Answer: B) Gene
Rationale: A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions
for synthesizing a specific protein or functional RNA.
2. What type of molecule is insulin?
A. Lipid
B. Carbohydrate
C. Protein
D. Nucleic acid
Answer: C) Protein
Rationale: Insulin is a protein hormone produced by the pancreas,
which helps regulate blood sugar levels in the body.
3. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
,A. Lack of a nucleus
B. Presence of a cell membrane
C. Presence of membrane-bound organelles
D. Presence of ribosomes
Answer: C) Presence of membrane-bound organelles
Rationale: Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles, unlike
eukaryotic cells which have structures like the nucleus, mitochondria,
and endoplasmic reticulum.
4. Which of the following structures is found in plant cells but not in
animal cells?
A. Mitochondria
B. Nucleus
C. Chloroplasts
D. Ribosomes
Answer: C) Chloroplasts
Rationale: Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis and are
found only in plant cells (and some algae). Animal cells lack
chloroplasts.
5. Which phase of mitosis involves the separation of sister chromatids?
A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
, C. Anaphase
D. Telophase
Answer: C) Anaphase
Rationale: During anaphase, the sister chromatids are separated and
pulled toward opposite poles of the cell.
6. What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?
A. Protein synthesis
B. Protein modification and packaging
C. DNA replication
D. Energy production
Answer: B) Protein modification and packaging
Rationale: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
and lipids for transport to their destination inside or outside the cell.
7. Which of the following processes results in genetic variation in
sexually reproducing organisms?
A. Binary fission
B. Mitosis
C. Crossing over during meiosis
D. Cloning
Answer: C) Crossing over during meiosis
