,Chapterm01:mIntroductionmtomImagingmandmRadiologicmSciences
Adler:mIntroductionmtomRadiologicmandmImagingmSciencesmandmPatientmCare,m6thmEdition
MULTIPLEmCHOICE
1. Themusemofmx-raysmtomcreatemammedicalmimagemonmpatientsmismreferredmtomas
a. electrocardiography.
b. radiography.
c. sonography.
d. magneticmresonancemimaging.
ANS:m B
Radiographymismthemmakingmofmrecordsmofminternalmstructuresmofmthembodymbympassagemofmx-
raysmormgammamraysmthroughmthembody.mThesemrecordsmormimagesmaremtypicallymreferredmtomas
mradiographs.
REF: p.m4
2. Particularmcaremmustmbemtakenmwhenmusingmradiationmformmedicalmimaging.mThismismthemresult
radiation’smabilitymtomcreate
mofm
inmhumanmtissuemandmpossiblembiochemicalmchanges.
a. ionizations
b. radiomwaves
c. soundmwaves
d. thermalmchanges
ANS:m A
Somemformsmofmelectromagneticmenergy,mincludingmx-
rays,mhavemthemabilitymtomionizematomsminmmatter.mThesemionizationsmhavemthemabilitymtomdisru
ptmthemcompositionmofmmattermandmaremcapablemofmdisruptingmlifemprocesses.mSpecialmprotecti
onmshouldmbemprovidedmtompreventmexcessivemexposuremtomionizingmradiation.
REF: p.m3
3. Inmthemdiagnosismofmpatientmdiseasemstates,mphysiciansmcanmselectmfrommanmarraymofmmedicalm
diagnosticmmodalities.mAmfewmofmtheseminvolvemthemusemofmionizingmenergymtomcreatemammedi
calmimage.mIfmamphysicianmismconcernedmaboutmthemusemofmionizingmradiation,mhemormshemmaym
choosemtomordermanymofmthemfollowingmdiagnosticmmodalitiesmEXCEPT
a. thermograms.
b. medicalmsonography.
c. radiography.
d. magneticmresonancemimaging.
ANS:m C
Radiographyminvolvesmthemusemofmx-
raysmformthemproductionmofmmedicalmimages.mMedicalmproceduresmsuchmasmthermograms,msono
grams,mandmmagneticmresonancemscansmusemnonionizingmenergymformsmandmconsequentlymdomn
otmproducemionizationsminmhumanmtissue.mTheymaremregardedmasmnonionizingmmodalitiesmformi
magingmandmoffermexcellentmalternativesmtomphysiciansmconcernedmaboutmradiationmexposuremt
ompatients.
, REF:m pp.m3-4
4. ThemGreekmphysicianmHippocratesmismregardedmasmthemfathermofmWesternmmedicine.mAllmofmt
hemfollowingmchoicesmrepresentmhismmedicalmbeliefsmEXCEPTmthe
a. usemofmhighmethicalmstandardsmofmconduct.
b. importantmmedicalmvaluemofmsorcerymandmwitchcraft.
c. importancemofmcloselymmonitoringmampatient’smconditionmandmrecovery.
d. valuemofmdietmandmexercisemandmallowingmnaturemtomtakemitsmcourseminmrecovery.
ANS:m B
ThemHippocraticmCorpusmismwritingsmthatmtheymemphasizemrationalmandmnaturalmexplanationsm
formthemtreatmentmofmdiseasemandmrejectmsorcerymandmmagic.mThemHippocraticmoathmstillmgover
nsmthemethicalmconductmofmphysiciansmtoday.
REF: p.m5
5. Throughoutmthemhistorymofmmedicine,mremarkablemachievementsmhavembeenmrecorded.mThe
semeventsmhavemledmtomourmcurrentmunderstandingmofmthemhumanmorganismmandmdisease.mAs
mthismresearchmcontinues,mmuchmofmitmwillmmostmlikelym focusmon
a. propermsanitationmandmpublicmhealth.
b. immunologymandmthemdevelopmentmofmvaccines.
c. germmtheorymandminfection.
d. humanmgenesmandmgeneticmengineering.
ANS:m D
AlthoughmthemHumanmGenomemProjectmismfinished,manalysesmofmthemdatamwillmcontinuemformm
anymyears.mThemreplacementmofmfaultymgenesmthroughmgenemtherapymoffersmpromisesmofmcuresm
formamvarietymofmhereditarymdiseases,mandmthroughmgeneticmengineering,mimportantmpharmace
uticalsmcontinuemtombemdeveloped.mMedicalmresearchmwillmcontinuemtomfocusmonmthemgeneticmc
odeminmallmcells.
REF: p.m6
6. WilhelmmC.mRoentgen’smdiscoverymofm“themx-
ray”mismregardedmasmonemofmmedicine’smmostmsignificantmachievements.mAlthoughmhismdisco
verymwasmaccidental,mhismearlymresearchmwasmsomthoroughmthatmnomsignificantmfindingsmhave
mbeenmaddedmtomhismoriginalmtheories.mThisminmitselfm
ismamtruemtributemtomthembrilliancemofmRo
entgenmasmamscientist.mOnemofmthemmostmfamousmearlymimagesmhemcreatedmwasmanmx-
raymimagemofmhis
a. colon.
b. laboratorymassistant’smfoot.
c. wife’smhand.
d. kidneys.
ANS:m C
Novemberm8,m1895,mismbelievedmbymhistoriansmtombemthemdaymthatmRoentgenmcreatedmthemfam
ousmimagemofmthemhandmofmhismwife.mThroughmhisminvestigativemmethods,mRoentgenmidentifie
dmthempropertiesmofmx-rays.
REF: p.m6
, 7. Amvaluablemx-raymproceduremusedmtomdiagnosemammyocardialminfarctionmis
a. mammography.
b. myelography.
c. arthrography.
d. coronarymarteriography.
ANS:m D
Coronarymarteriographymismanmextremelymvaluablemtoolminmdiagnosingmatherosclerosis,mwhich
mcanmblockmthemcoronarym arteriesmandmcausemamheartmattackm(myocardialminfarction).mBymwaym
ofmamspecialmcathetermwithmamballoonmtip,meffectivemtreatmentmofmatherosclerosismismpossible.mT
hismtreatmentmofmamblockedmbloodmvesselmismtermedmangioplasty.mAngioplastymismusedmtomtreat
mpatientsmwithoutmhavingmtomuseminvasivemopen-heartmsurgery.
REF: p.m8
8. AllmofmthemfollowingmaremtruemofmthemdiagnosticmproceduremofmmammographymEXCEPT
a. itmismverymvaluablemformthemdetectionmofmearlymbreastmcancers.
b. themproceduresmmaymbemperformedmusingmamgeneralmradiographicmmachine.
c. radiographersmneedmtombemspeciallymtrainedminmordermtomperformmmammography.
d. radiographersmmustmbemcertifiedmbymthemARRTmtomqualifymformthemmammograp
hymexamination.
ANS:m B
Specialmbreastmimagingmcentersmhavembeenmbuiltmtomaccommodatemthemdemandmformmammogr
aphymprocedures.mEquipmentmandmsupplies,msuchmasmamspeciallymdesignedmx-
raymtubemandmhigh-resolutionmdigitalmimagingmdetectors,maremusedmtomcreatemhigh-
qualitymbreastmimages.mMammographymcannotmbemperformedmusingmgeneralmx-
raymequipment.
REF: p.m8
9. Tomstudymthembloodmvesselsmofmthembrain,mkidneys,mliver,mandmothermorgans,mcontrastmmateria
lmismadministeredmintomthesemvesselsmbymusing
a. catheters.
b. stents.
c. balloons.
d. nonemofmthemabove.
ANS:m A
Angiographymismthemtermmformradiologicmexaminationmofmthembloodmvesselsmafterminjectionmo
fmamcontrastmmedium.mMostmoften,mthemcontrastmmaterialmisminjectedmthroughmamcatheter,mwhic
hmcanmbemdirectedmtomamvarietymofmmajormarteriesmormveinsmformvisualizationmofmthesemstructur
es.
REF: p.m8
10. Radiologicmsciencemcontinuesmtombemonemofmthemmostmexcitingmprofessionsminmmedicine.m
Anmimagingmmodalitymthatmusesmnomionizingmradiationmandmthemenergymofmradiomwavesman
dmmagneticmfieldsmis
a. nuclearmimaging.
b. thermography.
c. CVIT.
Adler:mIntroductionmtomRadiologicmandmImagingmSciencesmandmPatientmCare,m6thmEdition
MULTIPLEmCHOICE
1. Themusemofmx-raysmtomcreatemammedicalmimagemonmpatientsmismreferredmtomas
a. electrocardiography.
b. radiography.
c. sonography.
d. magneticmresonancemimaging.
ANS:m B
Radiographymismthemmakingmofmrecordsmofminternalmstructuresmofmthembodymbympassagemofmx-
raysmormgammamraysmthroughmthembody.mThesemrecordsmormimagesmaremtypicallymreferredmtomas
mradiographs.
REF: p.m4
2. Particularmcaremmustmbemtakenmwhenmusingmradiationmformmedicalmimaging.mThismismthemresult
radiation’smabilitymtomcreate
mofm
inmhumanmtissuemandmpossiblembiochemicalmchanges.
a. ionizations
b. radiomwaves
c. soundmwaves
d. thermalmchanges
ANS:m A
Somemformsmofmelectromagneticmenergy,mincludingmx-
rays,mhavemthemabilitymtomionizematomsminmmatter.mThesemionizationsmhavemthemabilitymtomdisru
ptmthemcompositionmofmmattermandmaremcapablemofmdisruptingmlifemprocesses.mSpecialmprotecti
onmshouldmbemprovidedmtompreventmexcessivemexposuremtomionizingmradiation.
REF: p.m3
3. Inmthemdiagnosismofmpatientmdiseasemstates,mphysiciansmcanmselectmfrommanmarraymofmmedicalm
diagnosticmmodalities.mAmfewmofmtheseminvolvemthemusemofmionizingmenergymtomcreatemammedi
calmimage.mIfmamphysicianmismconcernedmaboutmthemusemofmionizingmradiation,mhemormshemmaym
choosemtomordermanymofmthemfollowingmdiagnosticmmodalitiesmEXCEPT
a. thermograms.
b. medicalmsonography.
c. radiography.
d. magneticmresonancemimaging.
ANS:m C
Radiographyminvolvesmthemusemofmx-
raysmformthemproductionmofmmedicalmimages.mMedicalmproceduresmsuchmasmthermograms,msono
grams,mandmmagneticmresonancemscansmusemnonionizingmenergymformsmandmconsequentlymdomn
otmproducemionizationsminmhumanmtissue.mTheymaremregardedmasmnonionizingmmodalitiesmformi
magingmandmoffermexcellentmalternativesmtomphysiciansmconcernedmaboutmradiationmexposuremt
ompatients.
, REF:m pp.m3-4
4. ThemGreekmphysicianmHippocratesmismregardedmasmthemfathermofmWesternmmedicine.mAllmofmt
hemfollowingmchoicesmrepresentmhismmedicalmbeliefsmEXCEPTmthe
a. usemofmhighmethicalmstandardsmofmconduct.
b. importantmmedicalmvaluemofmsorcerymandmwitchcraft.
c. importancemofmcloselymmonitoringmampatient’smconditionmandmrecovery.
d. valuemofmdietmandmexercisemandmallowingmnaturemtomtakemitsmcourseminmrecovery.
ANS:m B
ThemHippocraticmCorpusmismwritingsmthatmtheymemphasizemrationalmandmnaturalmexplanationsm
formthemtreatmentmofmdiseasemandmrejectmsorcerymandmmagic.mThemHippocraticmoathmstillmgover
nsmthemethicalmconductmofmphysiciansmtoday.
REF: p.m5
5. Throughoutmthemhistorymofmmedicine,mremarkablemachievementsmhavembeenmrecorded.mThe
semeventsmhavemledmtomourmcurrentmunderstandingmofmthemhumanmorganismmandmdisease.mAs
mthismresearchmcontinues,mmuchmofmitmwillmmostmlikelym focusmon
a. propermsanitationmandmpublicmhealth.
b. immunologymandmthemdevelopmentmofmvaccines.
c. germmtheorymandminfection.
d. humanmgenesmandmgeneticmengineering.
ANS:m D
AlthoughmthemHumanmGenomemProjectmismfinished,manalysesmofmthemdatamwillmcontinuemformm
anymyears.mThemreplacementmofmfaultymgenesmthroughmgenemtherapymoffersmpromisesmofmcuresm
formamvarietymofmhereditarymdiseases,mandmthroughmgeneticmengineering,mimportantmpharmace
uticalsmcontinuemtombemdeveloped.mMedicalmresearchmwillmcontinuemtomfocusmonmthemgeneticmc
odeminmallmcells.
REF: p.m6
6. WilhelmmC.mRoentgen’smdiscoverymofm“themx-
ray”mismregardedmasmonemofmmedicine’smmostmsignificantmachievements.mAlthoughmhismdisco
verymwasmaccidental,mhismearlymresearchmwasmsomthoroughmthatmnomsignificantmfindingsmhave
mbeenmaddedmtomhismoriginalmtheories.mThisminmitselfm
ismamtruemtributemtomthembrilliancemofmRo
entgenmasmamscientist.mOnemofmthemmostmfamousmearlymimagesmhemcreatedmwasmanmx-
raymimagemofmhis
a. colon.
b. laboratorymassistant’smfoot.
c. wife’smhand.
d. kidneys.
ANS:m C
Novemberm8,m1895,mismbelievedmbymhistoriansmtombemthemdaymthatmRoentgenmcreatedmthemfam
ousmimagemofmthemhandmofmhismwife.mThroughmhisminvestigativemmethods,mRoentgenmidentifie
dmthempropertiesmofmx-rays.
REF: p.m6
, 7. Amvaluablemx-raymproceduremusedmtomdiagnosemammyocardialminfarctionmis
a. mammography.
b. myelography.
c. arthrography.
d. coronarymarteriography.
ANS:m D
Coronarymarteriographymismanmextremelymvaluablemtoolminmdiagnosingmatherosclerosis,mwhich
mcanmblockmthemcoronarym arteriesmandmcausemamheartmattackm(myocardialminfarction).mBymwaym
ofmamspecialmcathetermwithmamballoonmtip,meffectivemtreatmentmofmatherosclerosismismpossible.mT
hismtreatmentmofmamblockedmbloodmvesselmismtermedmangioplasty.mAngioplastymismusedmtomtreat
mpatientsmwithoutmhavingmtomuseminvasivemopen-heartmsurgery.
REF: p.m8
8. AllmofmthemfollowingmaremtruemofmthemdiagnosticmproceduremofmmammographymEXCEPT
a. itmismverymvaluablemformthemdetectionmofmearlymbreastmcancers.
b. themproceduresmmaymbemperformedmusingmamgeneralmradiographicmmachine.
c. radiographersmneedmtombemspeciallymtrainedminmordermtomperformmmammography.
d. radiographersmmustmbemcertifiedmbymthemARRTmtomqualifymformthemmammograp
hymexamination.
ANS:m B
Specialmbreastmimagingmcentersmhavembeenmbuiltmtomaccommodatemthemdemandmformmammogr
aphymprocedures.mEquipmentmandmsupplies,msuchmasmamspeciallymdesignedmx-
raymtubemandmhigh-resolutionmdigitalmimagingmdetectors,maremusedmtomcreatemhigh-
qualitymbreastmimages.mMammographymcannotmbemperformedmusingmgeneralmx-
raymequipment.
REF: p.m8
9. Tomstudymthembloodmvesselsmofmthembrain,mkidneys,mliver,mandmothermorgans,mcontrastmmateria
lmismadministeredmintomthesemvesselsmbymusing
a. catheters.
b. stents.
c. balloons.
d. nonemofmthemabove.
ANS:m A
Angiographymismthemtermmformradiologicmexaminationmofmthembloodmvesselsmafterminjectionmo
fmamcontrastmmedium.mMostmoften,mthemcontrastmmaterialmisminjectedmthroughmamcatheter,mwhic
hmcanmbemdirectedmtomamvarietymofmmajormarteriesmormveinsmformvisualizationmofmthesemstructur
es.
REF: p.m8
10. Radiologicmsciencemcontinuesmtombemonemofmthemmostmexcitingmprofessionsminmmedicine.m
Anmimagingmmodalitymthatmusesmnomionizingmradiationmandmthemenergymofmradiomwavesman
dmmagneticmfieldsmis
a. nuclearmimaging.
b. thermography.
c. CVIT.
