TestnBanknfornFundamentalsnofnNursingn10thnEditionnPottern(TestnBanknPDFnFiles)
Chapter 01- Nursing Today
n n n
Potter et al.- Fundamentals of Nursing, 10th Edition
n n n n n n n
2023 Update A+
n n
MULTIPLEnCHOICE
1. Whichnnursenmostnlikelynkeptnrecordsnonnsanitationntechniquesnandntheneffectsnonnhealth?
a. FlorencenNightingale
b. MarynNutting
c. ClaranBarton
d. LilliannWald
ANS:n A
Nightingalenwasnthenfirstnpracticingnnursenepidemiologist.nHernstatisticalnanalysesnconnectednpo
ornsanitationnwithncholeranandndysentery.nMarynNutting,nClaranBarton,nandnLilliannWaldncamena
fternNightingale,neachncontributingntonthennursingnprofessionninnhernownnway.nMarynNuttingnwas
ninstrumentalninnmovingnnursingneducationnintonuniversities.nClaranBartonnfoundednthenAmerica
nnRednCross.nLilliannWaldnhelpednopennthenHenrynStreetnSettlement.
DIF: Understandn(comprehension)
OBJ:n Discussntheninfluencenofnsocial,nhistorical,npolitical,nandneconomicnchangesnonnnursingnpractices.
TOP: Evaluation MSC:n HealthnPromotionnandnMaintenance
2. Thennursenprescribesnstrategiesnandnalternativesntonattainnexpectednoutcome.nWhichnstandardnofnn
ursingnpracticenisnthennursenfollowing?
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning GRADESLAB.COM
d. Implementation
ANS:n C
Innplanning,nthenregisterednnursendevelopsnanplannthatnprescribesnstrategiesnandnalternativesntonatt
ainnexpectednoutcomes.nDuringnassessment,nthenregisterednnursencollectsn comprehensivendatanpe
rtinentntonthenpatient’snhealthnand/ornthensituation.nInndiagnosis,nthenregisterednnursenanalyzesnthe
nassessmentndatantondeterminenthendiagnosesnornissues.nDuringnimplementation,nthenregisterednnu
rsenimplementsn(carriesnout)nthenidentifiednplan.
DIF: Understandn(comprehension)
OBJ:nnn Discussnthendevelopmentnofnprofessionalnnursingnroles.
TOP:n Planningn
MSC:n ManagementnofnCare
3. Annexperiencednmedical-
surgicalnnursenchoosesntonworkninnobstetrics.nWhichnlevelnofnproficiencynisnthennursenup
onninitialntransitionntonthenobstetricalnfloor?
a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advancednbeginner
ANS:n A
GARDESLAB.COM
,TestnBanknfornFundamentalsnofnNursingn10thnEditionnPottern(TestnBanknPDFnFiles)
Anbeginningnnursingnstudentnornanynnursenenteringnansituationninnwhichntherenisnnonpreviousnlev
elnofnexperiencen(e.g.,nannexperiencednoperatingnroomnnursenchoosesntonnownpracticeninnhomenh
ealth)nisnannexamplenofnannovicennurse.nAnproficientnnursenperceivesnanpatient’snclinicalnsituation
nasnanwhole,nisnablentonassessnannentirensituation,nandncannreadilyntransfernknowledgengainednfro
mnmultiplenpreviousnexperiencesntonansituation.nAncompetentnnursenunderstandsnthenorganizatio
nnandnspecificncarenrequirednbynthentypenofnpatientsn(e.g.,nsurgical,noncology,nornorthopedicnpati
ents).nThisnnursenisnancompetentnpractitionernwhonisnablentonanticipatennursingncarenandnestablish
nlong-
rangengoals.nAnnursenwhonhasnhadnsomenlevelnofnexperiencenwithnthensituationnisnannadvancednbe
ginner.nThisnexperiencenmaynonlynbenobservationalninnnature,nbutnthennursenisnablentonidentifynm
eaningfulnaspectsnornprinciplesnofnnursingncare.
DIF: Applyn(application)
OBJ:nnn Discussnthendevelopmentnofnprofessionalnnursingnroles.
TOP:n Evaluationn
MSC:n ManagementnofnCare
4. Annursenassessesnanpatient’snfluidnstatusnandndecidesnthatnthenpatientnneedsntondrinknmorenfluids.nT
hennursenthennencouragesnthenpatientntondrinknmorenfluids.nWhichnconceptnisnthennursendemonstr
ating?
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
ANS:n B
Autonomynisnannessentialnelementnofnprofessionalnnursingnthatninvolvesntheninitiationnofnindepe
ndentnnursingninterventionsnwithoutnmedicalnorders.nTonobtainnlicensureninnthenUnitednStates,nt
henRNncandidatenmustnpassnthenNCLEX-RN®.nBeyondnthenNCLEX-
GRADESLAB.CO
RN®,nthennursenmaynchoosentonworkntowardncertificationninnanspecificnareanofnnursingnpractice.n
Accountabilitynmeansnthatnyounarenresponsible,nprofessionallynandnlegally,nfornthentypenandnqual
itynofnnursingncarenprovided.
DIF: Applyn(application)
OBJ:nnn Discussnthenrolesnandncareernopportunitiesnfornnurses.
TOP:n Implementationn
MSC:n ManagementnofnCare
5. Annursenpreparesnthenbudgetnandnpoliciesnfornannintensivencarenunit.nWhichnrolenisnthennurseni
mplementing?
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ANS:n B
GARDESLAB.COM
,TestnBanknfornFundamentalsnofnNursingn10thnEditionnPottern(TestnBanknPDFnFiles)
Anmanagerncoordinatesnthenactivitiesnofnmembersn ofnthennursingnstaffninndeliveringnnursingncaren
andnhasnpersonnel,npolicy,nandnbudgetarynresponsibilitynfornanspecificnnursingnunitnornfacility.nA
snanneducator,nyounexplainnconceptsnandnfactsnaboutnhealth,ndescribenthenreasonnfornroutinencaren
activities,ndemonstratenproceduresnsuchnasnself-
carenactivities,nreinforcenlearningnornpatientnbehavior,nandnevaluatenthenpatient’snprogressninnlear
ning.nAsnanpatientnadvocate,nyounprotectnyournpatient’snhumannandnlegalnrightsnandnprovidenassist
anceninnassertingnthesenrightsnifnthenneednarises.nAsnancaregiver,nyounhelpnpatientsnmaintainnandnre
gainnhealth,nmanagendiseasenandnsymptoms,nandnattainnanmaximalnlevelnfunctionnandnindepende
ncenthroughnthenhealingnprocess.
DIF: Applyn(application)
OBJ:nnn Describenthenrolesnandncareernopportunitiesnfornnurses.
TOP:n Implementationn
MSC:n ManagementnofnCare
6. Thennursenhasnbeennworkingninnthenclinicalnsettingnfornseveralnyearsnasnannadvancednpracticennu
rse.nHowever,nthennursenhasnanstrongndesirentonpursuenresearchnandntheoryndevelopment.nTonfulf
illnthisndesire,nwhichnprogramnshouldnthennursenattend?
a. DoctornofnNursingnSciencendegreen(DNSc)
b. DoctornofnPhilosophyndegreen(PhD)
c. DoctornofnNursingnPracticendegreen(DNP)
d. DoctorninnthenSciencenofnNursingndegreen(DSN)
ANS:n B
Somendoctoralnprogramsnpreparennursesnfornmorenrigorousnresearchnandntheoryndevelopmentnan
dnawardnthenresearch-
orientednDoctornofnPhilosophyn(PhD)ninnnursing.nProfessionalndoctoralnprogramsninnnursingn(DS
NnornDNSc)npreparengraduatesntonapplynresearchnfindingsntonclinicalnnursing.nThenDNPnisnanprac
GRADESLAB.CO
ticendoctoratenthatnpreparesnadvancednpracticennursesnsuchnasnnursenpractitioners.
DIF: Understandn(comprehension)
OBJ:nDescribeneducationalnprogramsnavailablenfornprofessionalnregisterednnursen(RN)neducation.n
TOP:n Teaching/Learning MSC:n ManagementnofnCare
7. AnnursenattendsnanworkshopnonncurrentnnursingnissuesnprovidednbynthenAmericannNursesn
Association.nWhichntypenofneducationndidnthennursenreceive?
a. Graduateneducation
b. Inserviceneducation
c. Continuingneducation
d. Registerednnurseneducation
ANS:n C
Continuingneducationninvolvesnformal,norganizedneducationalnprogramsn offerednbynuniversities,
nhospitals,nstatennursesnassociations,nprofessionalnnursingnorganizations,nandneducationalnandnhe
althncareninstitutions.nAfternobtainingnanbaccalaureatendegreeninnnursing,nyouncannpursuengraduate
neducationnleadingntonanmaster’snorndoctoralndegreeninnanynnumbernofngraduatenfields,nincludingn
nursing.nInserviceneducationnprogramsnareninstructionnorntrainingnprovidednbynanhealthncarenfacil
itynorninstitution.nRegisterednnurseneducationnisntheneducationnpreparationnfornannindividualninte
ndingntonbenannRN.
DIF: Applyn(application)
OBJ:n Describeneducationalnprogramsnavailablenfornprofessionalnregisterednnursen(RN)neducation.
GARDESLAB.COM
, TestnBanknfornFundamentalsnofnNursingn10thnEditionnPottern(TestnBanknPDFnFiles)
TOP:n Teaching/Learning MSC:n ManagementnofnCare
8. Annursenidentifiesngapsnbetweennlocalnandnbestnpractices.nWhichnQualitynandnSafetynEducationnf
ornNursesn(QSEN)ncompetencynisnthennursendemonstrating?
a. Safety
b. Patient-centeredncare
c. Qualitynimprovement
d. Teamworknandncollaboration
ANS:n C
Qualitynimprovementnidentifiesngapsnbetweennlocalnandnbestnpractices.nSafetynminimizesnriskno
fnharmntonpatientsnandnprovidersnthroughnbothnsystemneffectivenessnandnindividualnperformanc
e.nPatient-
centeredncarenrecognizesnthenpatientnorndesigneenasnthensourcenofncontrolnandnfullnpartnerninnprov
idingncompassionatenandncoordinatedncarenbasednonnrespectnfornpatient’snpreferences,nvalues,na
ndnneeds.nTeamworknandncollaborationnallowsneffectivenfunctioningnwithinnnursingnandninterpr
ofessionalnteams,nfosteringnopenncommunication,nmutualnrespect,nandnsharedndecisionnmaking.
DIF: Understandn(comprehension)
OBJ:nnn Describenthenrolesnandncareernopportunitiesnfornnurses.
TOP:n Evaluationn
MSC:n ManagementnofnCare
9. Annursenhasncompassionnfatigue.nWhatnisnthennursenexperiencing?
a. Lateralnviolencenandnintrapersonalnconflict
b. Burnoutnandnsecondaryntraumaticnstress
c. Short-termngriefnandnsinglenstressor
d. Physicalnandnmentalnexhaustion
GRADESLAB.COM
ANS:n B
Compassionnfatiguenisnantermnusedntondescribenanstatenofnburnoutnandnsecondaryntraumaticnst
ress.nCompassionnfatiguenmayncontributentonwhatnisndescribednasnlateralnviolence
(nurse-
nurseninteractions,nnotnintrapersonal).nFrequent,nintense,nornprolongednexposurentongriefnandnloss
nplacesnnursesnatnrisknforndevelopingncompassionnfatigue.nStressors,nnotnansinglenstressor,ncontri
butentoncompassionnfatigue.nPhysicalnandnmentalnexhaustionndescribesnburnoutnonly.
DIF: Understandn(comprehension)
OBJ:n Discussntheninfluencenofnsocial,nhistorical,npolitical,nandneconomicnchangesnonnnursingnpractices.
TOP: Assessment MSC:n HealthnPromotionnandnMaintenance
10. Anpatientnisnschedulednfornsurgery.nWhenngettingnreadyntonobtainntheninformednconsent,nthenpati
entntellsnthennurse,n“Inhavennonideanwhatnisngoingntonhappen.nIncouldn’tnasknanynquestions.”nThenn
ursendoesnnotnallownthenpatientntonsignnthenpermitnandnnotifiesnthenhealthncarenprovidernofnthensitu
ation.nWhichnrolenisnthennursendisplaying?
a. Manager
b. Patientneducator
c. Patientnadvocate
d. Clinicalnnursenspecialist
ANS:n C
GARDESLAB.COM
Chapter 01- Nursing Today
n n n
Potter et al.- Fundamentals of Nursing, 10th Edition
n n n n n n n
2023 Update A+
n n
MULTIPLEnCHOICE
1. Whichnnursenmostnlikelynkeptnrecordsnonnsanitationntechniquesnandntheneffectsnonnhealth?
a. FlorencenNightingale
b. MarynNutting
c. ClaranBarton
d. LilliannWald
ANS:n A
Nightingalenwasnthenfirstnpracticingnnursenepidemiologist.nHernstatisticalnanalysesnconnectednpo
ornsanitationnwithncholeranandndysentery.nMarynNutting,nClaranBarton,nandnLilliannWaldncamena
fternNightingale,neachncontributingntonthennursingnprofessionninnhernownnway.nMarynNuttingnwas
ninstrumentalninnmovingnnursingneducationnintonuniversities.nClaranBartonnfoundednthenAmerica
nnRednCross.nLilliannWaldnhelpednopennthenHenrynStreetnSettlement.
DIF: Understandn(comprehension)
OBJ:n Discussntheninfluencenofnsocial,nhistorical,npolitical,nandneconomicnchangesnonnnursingnpractices.
TOP: Evaluation MSC:n HealthnPromotionnandnMaintenance
2. Thennursenprescribesnstrategiesnandnalternativesntonattainnexpectednoutcome.nWhichnstandardnofnn
ursingnpracticenisnthennursenfollowing?
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning GRADESLAB.COM
d. Implementation
ANS:n C
Innplanning,nthenregisterednnursendevelopsnanplannthatnprescribesnstrategiesnandnalternativesntonatt
ainnexpectednoutcomes.nDuringnassessment,nthenregisterednnursencollectsn comprehensivendatanpe
rtinentntonthenpatient’snhealthnand/ornthensituation.nInndiagnosis,nthenregisterednnursenanalyzesnthe
nassessmentndatantondeterminenthendiagnosesnornissues.nDuringnimplementation,nthenregisterednnu
rsenimplementsn(carriesnout)nthenidentifiednplan.
DIF: Understandn(comprehension)
OBJ:nnn Discussnthendevelopmentnofnprofessionalnnursingnroles.
TOP:n Planningn
MSC:n ManagementnofnCare
3. Annexperiencednmedical-
surgicalnnursenchoosesntonworkninnobstetrics.nWhichnlevelnofnproficiencynisnthennursenup
onninitialntransitionntonthenobstetricalnfloor?
a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advancednbeginner
ANS:n A
GARDESLAB.COM
,TestnBanknfornFundamentalsnofnNursingn10thnEditionnPottern(TestnBanknPDFnFiles)
Anbeginningnnursingnstudentnornanynnursenenteringnansituationninnwhichntherenisnnonpreviousnlev
elnofnexperiencen(e.g.,nannexperiencednoperatingnroomnnursenchoosesntonnownpracticeninnhomenh
ealth)nisnannexamplenofnannovicennurse.nAnproficientnnursenperceivesnanpatient’snclinicalnsituation
nasnanwhole,nisnablentonassessnannentirensituation,nandncannreadilyntransfernknowledgengainednfro
mnmultiplenpreviousnexperiencesntonansituation.nAncompetentnnursenunderstandsnthenorganizatio
nnandnspecificncarenrequirednbynthentypenofnpatientsn(e.g.,nsurgical,noncology,nornorthopedicnpati
ents).nThisnnursenisnancompetentnpractitionernwhonisnablentonanticipatennursingncarenandnestablish
nlong-
rangengoals.nAnnursenwhonhasnhadnsomenlevelnofnexperiencenwithnthensituationnisnannadvancednbe
ginner.nThisnexperiencenmaynonlynbenobservationalninnnature,nbutnthennursenisnablentonidentifynm
eaningfulnaspectsnornprinciplesnofnnursingncare.
DIF: Applyn(application)
OBJ:nnn Discussnthendevelopmentnofnprofessionalnnursingnroles.
TOP:n Evaluationn
MSC:n ManagementnofnCare
4. Annursenassessesnanpatient’snfluidnstatusnandndecidesnthatnthenpatientnneedsntondrinknmorenfluids.nT
hennursenthennencouragesnthenpatientntondrinknmorenfluids.nWhichnconceptnisnthennursendemonstr
ating?
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
ANS:n B
Autonomynisnannessentialnelementnofnprofessionalnnursingnthatninvolvesntheninitiationnofnindepe
ndentnnursingninterventionsnwithoutnmedicalnorders.nTonobtainnlicensureninnthenUnitednStates,nt
henRNncandidatenmustnpassnthenNCLEX-RN®.nBeyondnthenNCLEX-
GRADESLAB.CO
RN®,nthennursenmaynchoosentonworkntowardncertificationninnanspecificnareanofnnursingnpractice.n
Accountabilitynmeansnthatnyounarenresponsible,nprofessionallynandnlegally,nfornthentypenandnqual
itynofnnursingncarenprovided.
DIF: Applyn(application)
OBJ:nnn Discussnthenrolesnandncareernopportunitiesnfornnurses.
TOP:n Implementationn
MSC:n ManagementnofnCare
5. Annursenpreparesnthenbudgetnandnpoliciesnfornannintensivencarenunit.nWhichnrolenisnthennurseni
mplementing?
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ANS:n B
GARDESLAB.COM
,TestnBanknfornFundamentalsnofnNursingn10thnEditionnPottern(TestnBanknPDFnFiles)
Anmanagerncoordinatesnthenactivitiesnofnmembersn ofnthennursingnstaffninndeliveringnnursingncaren
andnhasnpersonnel,npolicy,nandnbudgetarynresponsibilitynfornanspecificnnursingnunitnornfacility.nA
snanneducator,nyounexplainnconceptsnandnfactsnaboutnhealth,ndescribenthenreasonnfornroutinencaren
activities,ndemonstratenproceduresnsuchnasnself-
carenactivities,nreinforcenlearningnornpatientnbehavior,nandnevaluatenthenpatient’snprogressninnlear
ning.nAsnanpatientnadvocate,nyounprotectnyournpatient’snhumannandnlegalnrightsnandnprovidenassist
anceninnassertingnthesenrightsnifnthenneednarises.nAsnancaregiver,nyounhelpnpatientsnmaintainnandnre
gainnhealth,nmanagendiseasenandnsymptoms,nandnattainnanmaximalnlevelnfunctionnandnindepende
ncenthroughnthenhealingnprocess.
DIF: Applyn(application)
OBJ:nnn Describenthenrolesnandncareernopportunitiesnfornnurses.
TOP:n Implementationn
MSC:n ManagementnofnCare
6. Thennursenhasnbeennworkingninnthenclinicalnsettingnfornseveralnyearsnasnannadvancednpracticennu
rse.nHowever,nthennursenhasnanstrongndesirentonpursuenresearchnandntheoryndevelopment.nTonfulf
illnthisndesire,nwhichnprogramnshouldnthennursenattend?
a. DoctornofnNursingnSciencendegreen(DNSc)
b. DoctornofnPhilosophyndegreen(PhD)
c. DoctornofnNursingnPracticendegreen(DNP)
d. DoctorninnthenSciencenofnNursingndegreen(DSN)
ANS:n B
Somendoctoralnprogramsnpreparennursesnfornmorenrigorousnresearchnandntheoryndevelopmentnan
dnawardnthenresearch-
orientednDoctornofnPhilosophyn(PhD)ninnnursing.nProfessionalndoctoralnprogramsninnnursingn(DS
NnornDNSc)npreparengraduatesntonapplynresearchnfindingsntonclinicalnnursing.nThenDNPnisnanprac
GRADESLAB.CO
ticendoctoratenthatnpreparesnadvancednpracticennursesnsuchnasnnursenpractitioners.
DIF: Understandn(comprehension)
OBJ:nDescribeneducationalnprogramsnavailablenfornprofessionalnregisterednnursen(RN)neducation.n
TOP:n Teaching/Learning MSC:n ManagementnofnCare
7. AnnursenattendsnanworkshopnonncurrentnnursingnissuesnprovidednbynthenAmericannNursesn
Association.nWhichntypenofneducationndidnthennursenreceive?
a. Graduateneducation
b. Inserviceneducation
c. Continuingneducation
d. Registerednnurseneducation
ANS:n C
Continuingneducationninvolvesnformal,norganizedneducationalnprogramsn offerednbynuniversities,
nhospitals,nstatennursesnassociations,nprofessionalnnursingnorganizations,nandneducationalnandnhe
althncareninstitutions.nAfternobtainingnanbaccalaureatendegreeninnnursing,nyouncannpursuengraduate
neducationnleadingntonanmaster’snorndoctoralndegreeninnanynnumbernofngraduatenfields,nincludingn
nursing.nInserviceneducationnprogramsnareninstructionnorntrainingnprovidednbynanhealthncarenfacil
itynorninstitution.nRegisterednnurseneducationnisntheneducationnpreparationnfornannindividualninte
ndingntonbenannRN.
DIF: Applyn(application)
OBJ:n Describeneducationalnprogramsnavailablenfornprofessionalnregisterednnursen(RN)neducation.
GARDESLAB.COM
, TestnBanknfornFundamentalsnofnNursingn10thnEditionnPottern(TestnBanknPDFnFiles)
TOP:n Teaching/Learning MSC:n ManagementnofnCare
8. Annursenidentifiesngapsnbetweennlocalnandnbestnpractices.nWhichnQualitynandnSafetynEducationnf
ornNursesn(QSEN)ncompetencynisnthennursendemonstrating?
a. Safety
b. Patient-centeredncare
c. Qualitynimprovement
d. Teamworknandncollaboration
ANS:n C
Qualitynimprovementnidentifiesngapsnbetweennlocalnandnbestnpractices.nSafetynminimizesnriskno
fnharmntonpatientsnandnprovidersnthroughnbothnsystemneffectivenessnandnindividualnperformanc
e.nPatient-
centeredncarenrecognizesnthenpatientnorndesigneenasnthensourcenofncontrolnandnfullnpartnerninnprov
idingncompassionatenandncoordinatedncarenbasednonnrespectnfornpatient’snpreferences,nvalues,na
ndnneeds.nTeamworknandncollaborationnallowsneffectivenfunctioningnwithinnnursingnandninterpr
ofessionalnteams,nfosteringnopenncommunication,nmutualnrespect,nandnsharedndecisionnmaking.
DIF: Understandn(comprehension)
OBJ:nnn Describenthenrolesnandncareernopportunitiesnfornnurses.
TOP:n Evaluationn
MSC:n ManagementnofnCare
9. Annursenhasncompassionnfatigue.nWhatnisnthennursenexperiencing?
a. Lateralnviolencenandnintrapersonalnconflict
b. Burnoutnandnsecondaryntraumaticnstress
c. Short-termngriefnandnsinglenstressor
d. Physicalnandnmentalnexhaustion
GRADESLAB.COM
ANS:n B
Compassionnfatiguenisnantermnusedntondescribenanstatenofnburnoutnandnsecondaryntraumaticnst
ress.nCompassionnfatiguenmayncontributentonwhatnisndescribednasnlateralnviolence
(nurse-
nurseninteractions,nnotnintrapersonal).nFrequent,nintense,nornprolongednexposurentongriefnandnloss
nplacesnnursesnatnrisknforndevelopingncompassionnfatigue.nStressors,nnotnansinglenstressor,ncontri
butentoncompassionnfatigue.nPhysicalnandnmentalnexhaustionndescribesnburnoutnonly.
DIF: Understandn(comprehension)
OBJ:n Discussntheninfluencenofnsocial,nhistorical,npolitical,nandneconomicnchangesnonnnursingnpractices.
TOP: Assessment MSC:n HealthnPromotionnandnMaintenance
10. Anpatientnisnschedulednfornsurgery.nWhenngettingnreadyntonobtainntheninformednconsent,nthenpati
entntellsnthennurse,n“Inhavennonideanwhatnisngoingntonhappen.nIncouldn’tnasknanynquestions.”nThenn
ursendoesnnotnallownthenpatientntonsignnthenpermitnandnnotifiesnthenhealthncarenprovidernofnthensitu
ation.nWhichnrolenisnthennursendisplaying?
a. Manager
b. Patientneducator
c. Patientnadvocate
d. Clinicalnnursenspecialist
ANS:n C
GARDESLAB.COM
