BIOL3200 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE: MICROBIAL GROWTH
AND METABOLISM EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Essential nutrients
Macronutrients (C, O, H, N, P, S, Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe2+, K+) and Micronutrients (trace
elements)
Heterotrophs
Organisms that use organic carbon
Autotrophs
Organisms that fix CO2
Passive transport
Simple and facilitated diffusion (no energy required)
Active transport
Coupled transport (symport, antiport), ABC transporters (energy required)
Binary fission
Process of bacterial growth and division
Bacterial growth curve
Lag, Log (exponential), Stationary, Death phases
Batch culture
A culture method where nutrients are not replenished
, Continuous culture
A culture method (chemostat) where nutrients are continuously supplied
Complex media
Media with a variety of ingredients, such as yeast extract or peptone, rich in nutrients
but with an undefined composition
Synthetic media
Media made with a precise chemical formula where all components and their
concentrations are known
Direct microscopic count
Counting all cells in a sample, both living and dead, under a microscope
Viable cell count
Counting only living cells capable of forming colonies on a suitable growth medium
Optical density
Measurement using a spectrophotometer to estimate bacterial concentration
Generation time
The time it takes for a population of bacteria to double in number
Normal growth conditions
Sea level, 20-40°C, neutral pH, 0.9% salt, ample nutrients
Extremophiles
Organisms thriving outside normal growth conditions
Psychrophiles
Microorganisms that thrive at low temperatures
Mesophiles
AND METABOLISM EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Essential nutrients
Macronutrients (C, O, H, N, P, S, Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe2+, K+) and Micronutrients (trace
elements)
Heterotrophs
Organisms that use organic carbon
Autotrophs
Organisms that fix CO2
Passive transport
Simple and facilitated diffusion (no energy required)
Active transport
Coupled transport (symport, antiport), ABC transporters (energy required)
Binary fission
Process of bacterial growth and division
Bacterial growth curve
Lag, Log (exponential), Stationary, Death phases
Batch culture
A culture method where nutrients are not replenished
, Continuous culture
A culture method (chemostat) where nutrients are continuously supplied
Complex media
Media with a variety of ingredients, such as yeast extract or peptone, rich in nutrients
but with an undefined composition
Synthetic media
Media made with a precise chemical formula where all components and their
concentrations are known
Direct microscopic count
Counting all cells in a sample, both living and dead, under a microscope
Viable cell count
Counting only living cells capable of forming colonies on a suitable growth medium
Optical density
Measurement using a spectrophotometer to estimate bacterial concentration
Generation time
The time it takes for a population of bacteria to double in number
Normal growth conditions
Sea level, 20-40°C, neutral pH, 0.9% salt, ample nutrients
Extremophiles
Organisms thriving outside normal growth conditions
Psychrophiles
Microorganisms that thrive at low temperatures
Mesophiles
