BIOL3200 FINAL STUDY GUIDE EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
LATEST UPDATE
proposed thatbacteria and molds engage in a perpetualbattle for survival.
Ernst Duchense
Penicillin waspurified by
Howard Florey and Ernst Chain
Discovered sulfa drugs (Prontosil dye)
Gerhard Domagk
discovered streptomycin
Selman Waksman
The two criterion for a good antibiotic are?
It must affect the target organism and it must NOT adversly affect human tissue.
The lowest concentration of a drug that prevents growth of a microorganism is
the
MIC
minimum concentration for no colonies to be present
MLC , AKA, MBC
What does penicillin target?
, cell wall synthesis, specifically in Gram + cells. They have a Beta Lactam ring that looks
similar to the d-ala-d-ala binding. the cross bridge forming by transpeptidase is blocked
by penicillin
Natural Penicillins
Narrow spectrum. Effective against Gram + andsome Gram - cocci
Penicillinase-resistant penicillins
Side chains preventinactivation bypenicillinase enzymes
broad spectrum penicillin
Effective against gram + and gram -
Vancomycin
A very large and glycopeptide produced by the Streptomycete spp. Binds to D-Ala-D-
Ala terminal and prevents the action of transglycosylases and transpeptidases
Gramicidin
Cyclic peptide produced by Bacillus brevis- Forms a cation channel,through which ions
leak
Polymixin
Produced by Bacillus polymyxa- Destroys cell membrane, just like a detergent- Used
only topically.
Quinolones
Block bacterial DNA gyrase, and so prevent DNAreplication- Bactericidal
Sulfa drugs
Analogs of PABA, a precursor of folic acid- Needed for DNA synthesis- Supplied in our
diet; thus no folic acid synthesisto inhibit in humans.
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
LATEST UPDATE
proposed thatbacteria and molds engage in a perpetualbattle for survival.
Ernst Duchense
Penicillin waspurified by
Howard Florey and Ernst Chain
Discovered sulfa drugs (Prontosil dye)
Gerhard Domagk
discovered streptomycin
Selman Waksman
The two criterion for a good antibiotic are?
It must affect the target organism and it must NOT adversly affect human tissue.
The lowest concentration of a drug that prevents growth of a microorganism is
the
MIC
minimum concentration for no colonies to be present
MLC , AKA, MBC
What does penicillin target?
, cell wall synthesis, specifically in Gram + cells. They have a Beta Lactam ring that looks
similar to the d-ala-d-ala binding. the cross bridge forming by transpeptidase is blocked
by penicillin
Natural Penicillins
Narrow spectrum. Effective against Gram + andsome Gram - cocci
Penicillinase-resistant penicillins
Side chains preventinactivation bypenicillinase enzymes
broad spectrum penicillin
Effective against gram + and gram -
Vancomycin
A very large and glycopeptide produced by the Streptomycete spp. Binds to D-Ala-D-
Ala terminal and prevents the action of transglycosylases and transpeptidases
Gramicidin
Cyclic peptide produced by Bacillus brevis- Forms a cation channel,through which ions
leak
Polymixin
Produced by Bacillus polymyxa- Destroys cell membrane, just like a detergent- Used
only topically.
Quinolones
Block bacterial DNA gyrase, and so prevent DNAreplication- Bactericidal
Sulfa drugs
Analogs of PABA, a precursor of folic acid- Needed for DNA synthesis- Supplied in our
diet; thus no folic acid synthesisto inhibit in humans.
