BIOL3200 U4 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
Alexander Fleming
Discovered penicillin in 1928
Antibiotics are...
compounds produced by bacteria that inhibit or kill other microbes
Ernest Duchesne
Who proposed that bacteria and molds engage in a perpetual battle for survival
Howard Florey and Ernst Chain
purified penicillin, the first commercial antibiotic to save human lives
Gerhard Domagk (1930s)
Discovered sulfa drugs (prontosil dye)
Selman Waksman
discovered streptomycin
Streptomycin
inhibits 70S ribosome formation, produced by antinomycete
Prontosil dye
Inactive until converted by the body to active agents
Two principles of antibiotics
1. Must affect target organism
2. Must not affect humans
, broad spectrum antibiotics
affect a broad range of gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria
Narrow spectrum antibiotics
effective for narrow group of bacteria
Bacteriostatic antibiotics
Antibiotics that do not actually kill bacteria but rather inhibit their growth
MIC
minimal inhibitory concentration
Cell wall inhibitors
penicillins, cephalosporins, vancomycin, bacitracin, monobactams
cell membrane inhibitors
polymyxins, daptomycin, gramicidin
Metabolic Inhibitors
sulfonamides, trimethoprim, metronidazole
DNA replication Inhibitors
Quinolones
RNA polymerase inhibitors
rifampin, pyronins
50S Ribosome subunit inhibitors
chloramphenicol, macrolides, clindamycin, oxazolidinones, streptogramins
30S ribosome subunit inhibitors
Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines
Peptidoglycan synthesis
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
Alexander Fleming
Discovered penicillin in 1928
Antibiotics are...
compounds produced by bacteria that inhibit or kill other microbes
Ernest Duchesne
Who proposed that bacteria and molds engage in a perpetual battle for survival
Howard Florey and Ernst Chain
purified penicillin, the first commercial antibiotic to save human lives
Gerhard Domagk (1930s)
Discovered sulfa drugs (prontosil dye)
Selman Waksman
discovered streptomycin
Streptomycin
inhibits 70S ribosome formation, produced by antinomycete
Prontosil dye
Inactive until converted by the body to active agents
Two principles of antibiotics
1. Must affect target organism
2. Must not affect humans
, broad spectrum antibiotics
affect a broad range of gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria
Narrow spectrum antibiotics
effective for narrow group of bacteria
Bacteriostatic antibiotics
Antibiotics that do not actually kill bacteria but rather inhibit their growth
MIC
minimal inhibitory concentration
Cell wall inhibitors
penicillins, cephalosporins, vancomycin, bacitracin, monobactams
cell membrane inhibitors
polymyxins, daptomycin, gramicidin
Metabolic Inhibitors
sulfonamides, trimethoprim, metronidazole
DNA replication Inhibitors
Quinolones
RNA polymerase inhibitors
rifampin, pyronins
50S Ribosome subunit inhibitors
chloramphenicol, macrolides, clindamycin, oxazolidinones, streptogramins
30S ribosome subunit inhibitors
Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines
Peptidoglycan synthesis
