BIOL3200 TEST 3 (RIGGS MICROBIOLOGY) EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
genome
all the genetic information that defines an organism
genetics
the study of genes
chromosomes
structures containing DNA, containing genes
genes
contiguous packets of information in the chromosomes
structural gene
produces a functional RNA, usually encoding a protein
DNA control sequence
regulates the expression of a structural gene
promoters; binding sites
The DNA control sequence includes ___ and _____ for regulatory proteins
vertical transmission
from parent to child
horizontal transmission
,transfer of small pieces of DNA from one cell to another
genetic code
a set of rules that determines how DNA is converted to an amino acid sequence
central dogma
DNA -> DNA -> RNA -> Protein
Exception to central dogma
retroviruses:
RNA -> DNA -> RNA -> protein
130; 14,000
prokaryote chromosomes range from ___ to ____ kilo base pairs
90; 15
Noncoding DNA makes up over ___ percent of eukaryotic genomes, but less than ___
percent of prokaryotic genomes
plasmids
prokaryote genomes include extrachromosomal DNA called ____
gene
basic physical and functional unit of heredity
operon
group of genes operating together
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid; polymer of nucleotides
three parts of a nucleotide
nitrogenous base, 2-deoxyribose sugar, phosphate
, purine bases
Adenine and Guanine
pyrimidine bases
Cytosine and Thymine
5'-3' phosphodiester bonds
nucleotides are connected to each other by___
hydrogen bonding
_____ allows complementary base interactions
differences of RNA
single stranded, contains ribose sugar, uracil replaces thymine
nucleoid
where bacteria pack their DNA into a series of loops
histone-like proteins
anchor the loops in the nucleoid; HU and H-NS
30; 100
E. coli contains between __ and __ loops
positive supercoils
DNA is overwound
negative supercoils
DNA is underwound
negatively; high; positively
Most DNA in nature are ____ supercoiled, but some archaea living in acid at _____
temperatures have _____ supercoiled DNA
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
genome
all the genetic information that defines an organism
genetics
the study of genes
chromosomes
structures containing DNA, containing genes
genes
contiguous packets of information in the chromosomes
structural gene
produces a functional RNA, usually encoding a protein
DNA control sequence
regulates the expression of a structural gene
promoters; binding sites
The DNA control sequence includes ___ and _____ for regulatory proteins
vertical transmission
from parent to child
horizontal transmission
,transfer of small pieces of DNA from one cell to another
genetic code
a set of rules that determines how DNA is converted to an amino acid sequence
central dogma
DNA -> DNA -> RNA -> Protein
Exception to central dogma
retroviruses:
RNA -> DNA -> RNA -> protein
130; 14,000
prokaryote chromosomes range from ___ to ____ kilo base pairs
90; 15
Noncoding DNA makes up over ___ percent of eukaryotic genomes, but less than ___
percent of prokaryotic genomes
plasmids
prokaryote genomes include extrachromosomal DNA called ____
gene
basic physical and functional unit of heredity
operon
group of genes operating together
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid; polymer of nucleotides
three parts of a nucleotide
nitrogenous base, 2-deoxyribose sugar, phosphate
, purine bases
Adenine and Guanine
pyrimidine bases
Cytosine and Thymine
5'-3' phosphodiester bonds
nucleotides are connected to each other by___
hydrogen bonding
_____ allows complementary base interactions
differences of RNA
single stranded, contains ribose sugar, uracil replaces thymine
nucleoid
where bacteria pack their DNA into a series of loops
histone-like proteins
anchor the loops in the nucleoid; HU and H-NS
30; 100
E. coli contains between __ and __ loops
positive supercoils
DNA is overwound
negative supercoils
DNA is underwound
negatively; high; positively
Most DNA in nature are ____ supercoiled, but some archaea living in acid at _____
temperatures have _____ supercoiled DNA
