Biological Psychology, 14th Edition | Complete Guide A+ 2025
Brand New
Professor Case studies how drugs of abuse change the amount of chemical that neurons release from
the presynaptic terminal into the ______.
A: afferent space
B: junction between neurons
C: dendritic terminal
D: nucleus
junction between neurons
Professor Windell is lecturing about the resting potential of neurons. He will tell his class that the
resting potential is advantageous because _____.
A: it minimizes the toxic effects of sodium
B: this maintains equal levels of the ions both inside and outside of the neuron
C: the cell is ready to produce an action potential quickly following a stimulus
D: it prevents the cell from having to use any energy to keep itself prepared to fire an action potential.
the cell is ready to produce an action potential quickly following a stimulus
What is the main source of nutrition for vertebrate neurons?
A: Complex carbohydrates
B: Sodium
C: Glucose
D: Fats
Glucose
The primary feature of a neuron that prevents the action potential from traveling back from where it
just passed is the ____.
A: concentration gradient
B: sodium potassium pump
C: refractory period
D: phospholipid bilayer
refractory period
The structure that contains a cell's chromosomes is called the ____.
A: endoplasmic reticulum
B: ribosome
C: nucleus
D: mitochondrion
Nucleus
,The endoplasmic reticulum is a ____.
A: network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins
B: structure that contains the chromosomes
C: site where the cell synthesizes new protein molecules
D: structure that separates the inside of the cell from the outside
network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins
The concentration gradient refers to the ____.
A: fact that the concentration of ions is greater on the outside of a neuron
B: fact that the concentration of ions is greater on the inside of a neuron
C: difference in distribution for various ions between the inside and outside of the membrane
D: negatively charged proteins inside the cell
difference in distribution for various ions between the inside and outside of the membrane
Small, charged molecules can cross the cell membrane through ____.
A: ribosomes
B: diffusion
C: protein channels
D: mitochondria
protein channels
The net effect of each cycle of the sodium-potassium pump is to ____.
A: increase the number of negatively charged ions within the cell
B: decrease the number of positively charged ions within the cell
C: increase the number of positively charged ions within the cell
D: decrease the number of positively charged ions outside the cell
decrease the number of positively charged ions within the cell
An efferent axon carries information away from a structure.
A: True
B: False
True
The two basic kinds of cells in the nervous system are _____.
A: dendrites and axons
B: neurons and glia
C: neurons and axons
D: ribosomes and lysosomes
neurons and glia
In order to produce an action potential, the collective amount of depolarization must exceed the
_____
A: energy required to open the potassium channels
B: threshold of excitation
, C: resting membrane potential
D: absolute refractory period
threshold of excitation
Professor Xi studies the _____ located on the _____ of neurons in order to better understand how
messages are received by the neuron.
A: axons; somas
B: synaptic receptors; somas
C: synaptic hillocks; dendrites
D: synaptic receptors; dendrites
synaptic receptors; dendrites
At the resting potential, the potassium channels are completely closed and the sodium channels are
almost closed.
A: True
B: False
False
Many dendrites contain short outgrowths called spines that _____.
A: increase the symmetry of the soma
B: increase the speed of transmission
C: increase the surface area available for synapses
D: eliminate cell waste products
increase the surface area available for synapses
What will most affect the speed of an action potential?
A: The resistance of the membrane
B: The length of the axon
C: The strength of the stimulus
D: The time since the last action potential
The resistance of the membrane
The membrane of a neuron is composed of ____ with ____ embedded in them.
A: proteins; neurotransmitters
B: benzene molecules; carbohydrates
C: phospholipids; proteins
D: carbohydrates; purines
phospholipids; proteins
Professor Nuno explained to her class that glucose is so important to the brain because ______.
A: glial cells can only breakdown glucose into energy that the neurons can use.
B: All other forms of energy are used up by the body and don't make it to the brain.
C: neurons and glial cells can only metabolize glucose.
D: glucose is unique and can cross the blood-brain barrier to be used by neurons.
Brand New
Professor Case studies how drugs of abuse change the amount of chemical that neurons release from
the presynaptic terminal into the ______.
A: afferent space
B: junction between neurons
C: dendritic terminal
D: nucleus
junction between neurons
Professor Windell is lecturing about the resting potential of neurons. He will tell his class that the
resting potential is advantageous because _____.
A: it minimizes the toxic effects of sodium
B: this maintains equal levels of the ions both inside and outside of the neuron
C: the cell is ready to produce an action potential quickly following a stimulus
D: it prevents the cell from having to use any energy to keep itself prepared to fire an action potential.
the cell is ready to produce an action potential quickly following a stimulus
What is the main source of nutrition for vertebrate neurons?
A: Complex carbohydrates
B: Sodium
C: Glucose
D: Fats
Glucose
The primary feature of a neuron that prevents the action potential from traveling back from where it
just passed is the ____.
A: concentration gradient
B: sodium potassium pump
C: refractory period
D: phospholipid bilayer
refractory period
The structure that contains a cell's chromosomes is called the ____.
A: endoplasmic reticulum
B: ribosome
C: nucleus
D: mitochondrion
Nucleus
,The endoplasmic reticulum is a ____.
A: network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins
B: structure that contains the chromosomes
C: site where the cell synthesizes new protein molecules
D: structure that separates the inside of the cell from the outside
network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins
The concentration gradient refers to the ____.
A: fact that the concentration of ions is greater on the outside of a neuron
B: fact that the concentration of ions is greater on the inside of a neuron
C: difference in distribution for various ions between the inside and outside of the membrane
D: negatively charged proteins inside the cell
difference in distribution for various ions between the inside and outside of the membrane
Small, charged molecules can cross the cell membrane through ____.
A: ribosomes
B: diffusion
C: protein channels
D: mitochondria
protein channels
The net effect of each cycle of the sodium-potassium pump is to ____.
A: increase the number of negatively charged ions within the cell
B: decrease the number of positively charged ions within the cell
C: increase the number of positively charged ions within the cell
D: decrease the number of positively charged ions outside the cell
decrease the number of positively charged ions within the cell
An efferent axon carries information away from a structure.
A: True
B: False
True
The two basic kinds of cells in the nervous system are _____.
A: dendrites and axons
B: neurons and glia
C: neurons and axons
D: ribosomes and lysosomes
neurons and glia
In order to produce an action potential, the collective amount of depolarization must exceed the
_____
A: energy required to open the potassium channels
B: threshold of excitation
, C: resting membrane potential
D: absolute refractory period
threshold of excitation
Professor Xi studies the _____ located on the _____ of neurons in order to better understand how
messages are received by the neuron.
A: axons; somas
B: synaptic receptors; somas
C: synaptic hillocks; dendrites
D: synaptic receptors; dendrites
synaptic receptors; dendrites
At the resting potential, the potassium channels are completely closed and the sodium channels are
almost closed.
A: True
B: False
False
Many dendrites contain short outgrowths called spines that _____.
A: increase the symmetry of the soma
B: increase the speed of transmission
C: increase the surface area available for synapses
D: eliminate cell waste products
increase the surface area available for synapses
What will most affect the speed of an action potential?
A: The resistance of the membrane
B: The length of the axon
C: The strength of the stimulus
D: The time since the last action potential
The resistance of the membrane
The membrane of a neuron is composed of ____ with ____ embedded in them.
A: proteins; neurotransmitters
B: benzene molecules; carbohydrates
C: phospholipids; proteins
D: carbohydrates; purines
phospholipids; proteins
Professor Nuno explained to her class that glucose is so important to the brain because ______.
A: glial cells can only breakdown glucose into energy that the neurons can use.
B: All other forms of energy are used up by the body and don't make it to the brain.
C: neurons and glial cells can only metabolize glucose.
D: glucose is unique and can cross the blood-brain barrier to be used by neurons.
