CANADIAN RED CROSS LATEST A+ QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS UNVAILED!
Proper PPE
- Always: Gloves and protective eyewear
- Gown: hemorrhaging with spurting blood and childbirth
- Mask: Hemorrhaging with spurting blood, childbirth, suctioning, patients with respiratory illnesses.
Anatomical directions
- Midline: runs down the center of the body
- Medial: towards the midline
- Lateral: away from the midline
- Proximal: closer to the trunk
- Distal: away from the trunk
- Superior: towards the heart
- Inferior: away from the heart
-Posterior: towards the back of the body
-Anterior: towards the front of the body
What is the difference between an MOI and a chief complaint?
MOI (mechanism of injury is how the injury occurred), chief complaint is what is injured.
When is a jaw thrust used to open airways?
When a head, neck or spinal injury is suspected
What pulses do you check for a conscious person vs. an unconscious person?
unconscious = carotid pulse
conscious = radial pulse
What does SAMPLE stand for?
S- Signs and symptoms
A- allergies
M - medication
P - past/present medical events
L - last oral intake
E - events leading up to the injury
What are the flow rates for oxygen delivery devices?
1. Nasal Cannula (90-95% SpO2) - 4lpm
2. Resuscitation mask (85-90%SpO2) - 6lpm
3. Standard CPR mask (85-90% SpO2) - 6 lpm
4. Non-rebreather mask (85-90% SpO2) - 10lpm
5. Bag-valve mask (<85% SpO2) - 15lpm
, How do you measure OPA's?
Measure from the earlobe to the corner of the mouth
How do you insert OPA's?
Adults: insert the OPA upside down until the end reaches the soft palette, then turn it 180 degrees and
continue pushing it in until the flange rests on the patient's lips.
Children: insert the OPA sideways until the end reaches the soft palette, then turn it 90 degrees and
continue pushing it in until the flange rests on the patient's lips.
Infants: insert the OPA right side up and push it in until the flange rests on the patient's lips.
How do you measure an NPA?
measure from the earlobe to the tip of the nose
How do you insert an NPA?
Lubricate the bevel and insert the NPA into the patient's largest nostril with the bevel towards the
septum. Continue pushing it in until flange rests on the nostril.
When should you use an NPA vs. an OPA?
NPA's should be used if there is fluid in the airway, but not used if a skull fracture is suspected.
What does RICE stand for?
R- rest
I - Immobilize
C - cold
E - elevate
What are signs and symptoms of a chest injury?
- respiratory distress
- pain at the sight of injury that increases with deep respirations or movement
- obvious deformities
- unequal chest movement
- flushed, pale or blue skin
- coughing up blood.
What are the signs and symptoms of an abdominal injury?
- Severe pain
- bruising
- External bleeding
- Nausea and vomiting
- Pale, moist skin
- Thirst
- Pain or tenderness in the abdomen
- Distention in the abdomen
ANSWERS UNVAILED!
Proper PPE
- Always: Gloves and protective eyewear
- Gown: hemorrhaging with spurting blood and childbirth
- Mask: Hemorrhaging with spurting blood, childbirth, suctioning, patients with respiratory illnesses.
Anatomical directions
- Midline: runs down the center of the body
- Medial: towards the midline
- Lateral: away from the midline
- Proximal: closer to the trunk
- Distal: away from the trunk
- Superior: towards the heart
- Inferior: away from the heart
-Posterior: towards the back of the body
-Anterior: towards the front of the body
What is the difference between an MOI and a chief complaint?
MOI (mechanism of injury is how the injury occurred), chief complaint is what is injured.
When is a jaw thrust used to open airways?
When a head, neck or spinal injury is suspected
What pulses do you check for a conscious person vs. an unconscious person?
unconscious = carotid pulse
conscious = radial pulse
What does SAMPLE stand for?
S- Signs and symptoms
A- allergies
M - medication
P - past/present medical events
L - last oral intake
E - events leading up to the injury
What are the flow rates for oxygen delivery devices?
1. Nasal Cannula (90-95% SpO2) - 4lpm
2. Resuscitation mask (85-90%SpO2) - 6lpm
3. Standard CPR mask (85-90% SpO2) - 6 lpm
4. Non-rebreather mask (85-90% SpO2) - 10lpm
5. Bag-valve mask (<85% SpO2) - 15lpm
, How do you measure OPA's?
Measure from the earlobe to the corner of the mouth
How do you insert OPA's?
Adults: insert the OPA upside down until the end reaches the soft palette, then turn it 180 degrees and
continue pushing it in until the flange rests on the patient's lips.
Children: insert the OPA sideways until the end reaches the soft palette, then turn it 90 degrees and
continue pushing it in until the flange rests on the patient's lips.
Infants: insert the OPA right side up and push it in until the flange rests on the patient's lips.
How do you measure an NPA?
measure from the earlobe to the tip of the nose
How do you insert an NPA?
Lubricate the bevel and insert the NPA into the patient's largest nostril with the bevel towards the
septum. Continue pushing it in until flange rests on the nostril.
When should you use an NPA vs. an OPA?
NPA's should be used if there is fluid in the airway, but not used if a skull fracture is suspected.
What does RICE stand for?
R- rest
I - Immobilize
C - cold
E - elevate
What are signs and symptoms of a chest injury?
- respiratory distress
- pain at the sight of injury that increases with deep respirations or movement
- obvious deformities
- unequal chest movement
- flushed, pale or blue skin
- coughing up blood.
What are the signs and symptoms of an abdominal injury?
- Severe pain
- bruising
- External bleeding
- Nausea and vomiting
- Pale, moist skin
- Thirst
- Pain or tenderness in the abdomen
- Distention in the abdomen
