PEDS HESI VERSION 2 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
list the signs and symptoms of iron deficiency - ANSWER-anemia; pale conjunctive;
pale skin; atrophy of papillae on tongue; brittle, ridged, or spoon-shaped nails; and
thyroid edema
identify food sources of vitamin A - ANSWER-liver, sweet potatoes, carrots, spinach,
peaches and apricots
what disease occurs with vitamin C deficiency? - ANSWER-Scurvy
What measurements reflect present nutritional status? - ANSWER-weight, skin-fold
thickness, and arm circumference
List the signs and symptosm of dehydration in an infant - ANSWER-Poor skin turgor,
absence of tears, dry mucous membranes, weight loss, depressed fontanel, and
decreased urinary output
list the laboratory findings that can be expected in a dehydrated child - ANSWER-
loss of bicarbonated/decreased pH
loss of sodium (hyponatremia)
loss of potassium (hypokalemia)
elevated Hct and elevated BUN
How should burns in child be assessed? - ANSWER-by using the Lund-Browder
chart, which takes into account the changing proportions of the child's body
How can the nurse best evaluate the adequacy of fluid replacement in children? -
ANSWER-monitoring urine output
how should a parent be instructed to child-proof a house? - ANSWER-lock all
cabinets
safely store all toxic household items in a locked cabinets
examine the house from the child's point of view
What intervention should the nurse perform first in caring for a child who has
ingested a poison? - ANSWER-assessment of the child's respiratory, cardiac, and
neurological status
What early signs should the nurse assess for if lead poisoning is suspected? -
ANSWER-anemia, acute cramping, abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, anorexia,
headache, lethargy, hyperactivity, aggression, impulsiveness, decreased interest in
play, irritability, short attention span
describe the purpose of bronchodilators - ANSWER-to reverse bronchospasm
,what are the physical assessment findings for a child with asthma? - ANSWER-
Expiratory wheezing, rales, tight cough, and signs of altered blood gases
What nutritional support should be provided for a child with cystic fibrosis? -
ANSWER-pancreatic enzyme replacement, fat-soluble vitamins, and moderate to
low carbohydrates, high protein, moderate to high fat diet
Why is genetic counseling important for the family of a child with cystic fibrosis? -
ANSWER-because the disease is autosomal recessive in its genetic pattern
List seven signs of respiratory distress in a pediatric client - ANSWER-restlessness
tachycardia
tachypnea
diaphoresis
flaring nostrils
retractions
grunting
describe the care of a child in a mist tent - ANSWER-monitor child's temperature,
keep tent edges tucked in, keep clothing dry, assess respiratory status, look at child
inside tent
what position does a child with epiglottitis assume? - ANSWER-upright sitting, with
chin out and tongue protruding (tripod positioning)
Why are IV fluids important for a child with an increased respiratory rate? -
ANSWER-The child is at risk for dehydration and acid-base imbalances
Children with chronic otitis media are at risk for developing what problem? -
ANSWER-hearing loss
What is the most common postoperative complication following a tonsillectomy?
Describe the signs and symptoms of this complication - ANSWER-Hemorrhage
frequent swallowing, vomiting fresh blood, and clearing throat
Differentiate between right-to-left and a left-to-right shunt in cardiac disease -
ANSWER-a right-to-left shunt bypasses the lungs and delivers unoxygenated blood
to the systemic circulation causing cyanosis
a left-to-right shunt moves oxygenated blood back through the pulmonary circulation
list the four defects associated with tetralogy of fallot - ANSWER-VSD
overriding aorta
pulmonary stenosis
right ventricular hypertrophy
list the common signs of cardiac problems in an infant - ANSWER-poor feeding
poor weight gain
respiratory distress
infections
edema
, cyanosis
what are the two objectives in treating CHF? - ANSWER-reduce the workload of the
heart
increased cardiac output
Describe nursing interventions to reduce the workload of the heart - ANSWER-give
small, frequent feedings or gavage feedings
plan frequent rest periods
maintain a neutral thermal environment
organize activities to disturb child only as indicated
what position would best relieve the child experiencing a tet spell? - ANSWER-knee-
chest position or squatting
what are common signs of digoxin toxicity? - ANSWER-diarrhea
fatigue
weakness
nausea
vomiting
check for bradycardia before administering
list five risks in cardiac catheterizaiton - ANSWER-arrhythmia
bleeding
perforation
phlebitis
obstruction of the arterial entry site
what cardiac complications are associated with rheumatic fever? - ANSWER-aortic
valve stenosis and mitral valve stenosis
What medications are used to treat rheumatic fever? - ANSWER-penicllin,
erythromycin, and aspirin
What are the physical features of a child with down syndrome? - ANSWER-simian
creases in palms, hypotonia, protruding tongue, and upward-outward slant of eyes
Describe scissoring - ANSWER-a common characteristic of spastic cerebral palsy in
infants; legs are extended and crossed over each other, feet are plantar flexed
What are two nursing priorities for a newborn with myelominingocle? - ANSWER-
prevention of infection of the sac and monitoring for hydrocephalus (measure head
circumference, check fontanel, assess neurologic functioning)
List the signs and symptoms of increased ICP in older children - ANSWER-irritability
change in LOC
motor dysfunction
headache
vomiting
unequal pupil response
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
list the signs and symptoms of iron deficiency - ANSWER-anemia; pale conjunctive;
pale skin; atrophy of papillae on tongue; brittle, ridged, or spoon-shaped nails; and
thyroid edema
identify food sources of vitamin A - ANSWER-liver, sweet potatoes, carrots, spinach,
peaches and apricots
what disease occurs with vitamin C deficiency? - ANSWER-Scurvy
What measurements reflect present nutritional status? - ANSWER-weight, skin-fold
thickness, and arm circumference
List the signs and symptosm of dehydration in an infant - ANSWER-Poor skin turgor,
absence of tears, dry mucous membranes, weight loss, depressed fontanel, and
decreased urinary output
list the laboratory findings that can be expected in a dehydrated child - ANSWER-
loss of bicarbonated/decreased pH
loss of sodium (hyponatremia)
loss of potassium (hypokalemia)
elevated Hct and elevated BUN
How should burns in child be assessed? - ANSWER-by using the Lund-Browder
chart, which takes into account the changing proportions of the child's body
How can the nurse best evaluate the adequacy of fluid replacement in children? -
ANSWER-monitoring urine output
how should a parent be instructed to child-proof a house? - ANSWER-lock all
cabinets
safely store all toxic household items in a locked cabinets
examine the house from the child's point of view
What intervention should the nurse perform first in caring for a child who has
ingested a poison? - ANSWER-assessment of the child's respiratory, cardiac, and
neurological status
What early signs should the nurse assess for if lead poisoning is suspected? -
ANSWER-anemia, acute cramping, abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, anorexia,
headache, lethargy, hyperactivity, aggression, impulsiveness, decreased interest in
play, irritability, short attention span
describe the purpose of bronchodilators - ANSWER-to reverse bronchospasm
,what are the physical assessment findings for a child with asthma? - ANSWER-
Expiratory wheezing, rales, tight cough, and signs of altered blood gases
What nutritional support should be provided for a child with cystic fibrosis? -
ANSWER-pancreatic enzyme replacement, fat-soluble vitamins, and moderate to
low carbohydrates, high protein, moderate to high fat diet
Why is genetic counseling important for the family of a child with cystic fibrosis? -
ANSWER-because the disease is autosomal recessive in its genetic pattern
List seven signs of respiratory distress in a pediatric client - ANSWER-restlessness
tachycardia
tachypnea
diaphoresis
flaring nostrils
retractions
grunting
describe the care of a child in a mist tent - ANSWER-monitor child's temperature,
keep tent edges tucked in, keep clothing dry, assess respiratory status, look at child
inside tent
what position does a child with epiglottitis assume? - ANSWER-upright sitting, with
chin out and tongue protruding (tripod positioning)
Why are IV fluids important for a child with an increased respiratory rate? -
ANSWER-The child is at risk for dehydration and acid-base imbalances
Children with chronic otitis media are at risk for developing what problem? -
ANSWER-hearing loss
What is the most common postoperative complication following a tonsillectomy?
Describe the signs and symptoms of this complication - ANSWER-Hemorrhage
frequent swallowing, vomiting fresh blood, and clearing throat
Differentiate between right-to-left and a left-to-right shunt in cardiac disease -
ANSWER-a right-to-left shunt bypasses the lungs and delivers unoxygenated blood
to the systemic circulation causing cyanosis
a left-to-right shunt moves oxygenated blood back through the pulmonary circulation
list the four defects associated with tetralogy of fallot - ANSWER-VSD
overriding aorta
pulmonary stenosis
right ventricular hypertrophy
list the common signs of cardiac problems in an infant - ANSWER-poor feeding
poor weight gain
respiratory distress
infections
edema
, cyanosis
what are the two objectives in treating CHF? - ANSWER-reduce the workload of the
heart
increased cardiac output
Describe nursing interventions to reduce the workload of the heart - ANSWER-give
small, frequent feedings or gavage feedings
plan frequent rest periods
maintain a neutral thermal environment
organize activities to disturb child only as indicated
what position would best relieve the child experiencing a tet spell? - ANSWER-knee-
chest position or squatting
what are common signs of digoxin toxicity? - ANSWER-diarrhea
fatigue
weakness
nausea
vomiting
check for bradycardia before administering
list five risks in cardiac catheterizaiton - ANSWER-arrhythmia
bleeding
perforation
phlebitis
obstruction of the arterial entry site
what cardiac complications are associated with rheumatic fever? - ANSWER-aortic
valve stenosis and mitral valve stenosis
What medications are used to treat rheumatic fever? - ANSWER-penicllin,
erythromycin, and aspirin
What are the physical features of a child with down syndrome? - ANSWER-simian
creases in palms, hypotonia, protruding tongue, and upward-outward slant of eyes
Describe scissoring - ANSWER-a common characteristic of spastic cerebral palsy in
infants; legs are extended and crossed over each other, feet are plantar flexed
What are two nursing priorities for a newborn with myelominingocle? - ANSWER-
prevention of infection of the sac and monitoring for hydrocephalus (measure head
circumference, check fontanel, assess neurologic functioning)
List the signs and symptoms of increased ICP in older children - ANSWER-irritability
change in LOC
motor dysfunction
headache
vomiting
unequal pupil response
