HESI PREP - GREEN ELSEVIER BOOK
PEDIATRICS EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Who population does iron deficiency commonly occur in for young people? -
ANSWER-12-36 months
adolescent females
also females in child bearing years
What is the recommended amount of Vitamin D in a day ? - ANSWER-400 IU/daily
What vitamins should preschool and school aged children be sure to get enough of
but normally do not ? - ANSWER-Vitamin A, C, B6, B12
What can help determine nutritional status ? What Labs? - ANSWER-Plasma, blood
cells, urine, tissues from liver, bone, hair , fingernails.
Hgb, Hct, albumin, creatinine, nitrogen
What are causes of diarrhea? - ANSWER-Infection
Malabsorption problems
Inflammatory disease
Dietary factors
What conditions are associated as a result of diarrhea? - ANSWER-Dehydration
Metabolic Acidosis
Shock
What are signs of dehydration in young children ? - ANSWER-Poor skin
turgor/tenting
Absence of tears
Dry and stick mucous membranes
weight loss
depressed fontanelle
decreased urine output
,acidotic state
What are laboratory signs of acidosis ? - ANSWER-Loss of Bicarb = pH < 7.35
Loss of Na and K through stools
Elevated Hct
Elevated BUN
What are signs of shock ? - ANSWER-Decreased BP
Rapid, weak pulse
Skin : gray , cool and clammy
Delayed cap refill greater than 4 +
Changed in mental status
How should you check an infants cap refill ? - ANSWER-Because their hands may
be acrocyanotic , its best to check refill on the infants sternum
What are your nursing interventions for a child with diarrhea ? - ANSWER-Assess
hydration and vs frequently
Monitor I/o
do NOT take temp rectally
Rehydrate with fluids and electrolytes
add K ONLY when client has good urine output
Fluid bolus of 20 ml/kg or LR or NS
Collect specimen to find cause
Check stool for pH, glucose and blood .
Give antibiotics as needed
WASH HANDS
What are standard IV fluids for a dehydrated pediatric? - ANSWER-isotonic - LR or
NS
fluid bolus of 20mL/kg
,What kinds of things should you educate for a chid with diarrhea? - ANSWER-Oral
rehydration such as pedialyte
May need a lactose free diet for a bit
children should NOT be given anti diarrheals
do NOT give a child juice or soda. ( high osmolarity )
Scald Burns - ANSWER-this is the top cause of burns for children younger than 4
Hot water temper greater than 140 can cause 3rd degree burns in 15 seconds
Children younger than age 2 have a higher mortality rate to burns due to what ? -
ANSWER-Great central body surface area.
Greater fluid volume
Less effective cardiovascular responses to fluid volume shifts
A partial thickness burn is considered a major burn if it involves ____ of body surface
- ANSWER-more than 25 %
A full thickness burn is considered a major burn if it involves ____ of body surface -
ANSWER-10 %
What is the Lund and Browder Chart? - ANSWER-burn tool for evaluating total body
surface area according to age with specific calculations for each body part burned
What is the Parkland formula? - ANSWER-Commonly used guideline for calculating
fluid replacement and maintenance.
What should the urinary output for infants and children be ? - ANSWER-1 to 2 mL /
kg / hr
What are your nursing interventions for suspected child abuse? - ANSWER-you are
legally required to report ll cases of suspected abuse
Take color photographs of injuries
Document factual objective statements
Recognize own feels of anger toward the parents
Utilize principles of crisis intervention
Assist child and family to develop self esteem
support the need for family therapy
, What is a nursing assessment of poisoning for children ? - ANSWER-Child found
near source of poison
GI disturbances
Burns on mouth / pharynx
Respiratory distress
Seizures , changes LOC
Cyanosis
Shock
Nursing interventions for a poisoning - ANSWER-Identify the poisonous agent
quickly !
Assess the resp, cardiac and neuro status
Tell parents to bring any vomit / stool etc to the ER
Determine the Childs age and weight
May require gastric lavage, activated charcoal, N-acetylsteine or naloxone HCI
Teach home safety
What is the major cause of lead poisonings - ANSWER-deteriorating lead based
paint
young children will put everything into their mouths
The most common route of ingestion is either from hand to mouth via contaminated
things
What systems are most seriously affected by lead? - ANSWER-Renal
Neurologic
Hematologic
what is the BBL ? - ANSWER-Blood lead level is the test use to screen and
diagnosis for lead
What is a good test indicator of early toxic effects of lead - ANSWER-EP
Erythrocyte protoporphyrin
PEDIATRICS EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Who population does iron deficiency commonly occur in for young people? -
ANSWER-12-36 months
adolescent females
also females in child bearing years
What is the recommended amount of Vitamin D in a day ? - ANSWER-400 IU/daily
What vitamins should preschool and school aged children be sure to get enough of
but normally do not ? - ANSWER-Vitamin A, C, B6, B12
What can help determine nutritional status ? What Labs? - ANSWER-Plasma, blood
cells, urine, tissues from liver, bone, hair , fingernails.
Hgb, Hct, albumin, creatinine, nitrogen
What are causes of diarrhea? - ANSWER-Infection
Malabsorption problems
Inflammatory disease
Dietary factors
What conditions are associated as a result of diarrhea? - ANSWER-Dehydration
Metabolic Acidosis
Shock
What are signs of dehydration in young children ? - ANSWER-Poor skin
turgor/tenting
Absence of tears
Dry and stick mucous membranes
weight loss
depressed fontanelle
decreased urine output
,acidotic state
What are laboratory signs of acidosis ? - ANSWER-Loss of Bicarb = pH < 7.35
Loss of Na and K through stools
Elevated Hct
Elevated BUN
What are signs of shock ? - ANSWER-Decreased BP
Rapid, weak pulse
Skin : gray , cool and clammy
Delayed cap refill greater than 4 +
Changed in mental status
How should you check an infants cap refill ? - ANSWER-Because their hands may
be acrocyanotic , its best to check refill on the infants sternum
What are your nursing interventions for a child with diarrhea ? - ANSWER-Assess
hydration and vs frequently
Monitor I/o
do NOT take temp rectally
Rehydrate with fluids and electrolytes
add K ONLY when client has good urine output
Fluid bolus of 20 ml/kg or LR or NS
Collect specimen to find cause
Check stool for pH, glucose and blood .
Give antibiotics as needed
WASH HANDS
What are standard IV fluids for a dehydrated pediatric? - ANSWER-isotonic - LR or
NS
fluid bolus of 20mL/kg
,What kinds of things should you educate for a chid with diarrhea? - ANSWER-Oral
rehydration such as pedialyte
May need a lactose free diet for a bit
children should NOT be given anti diarrheals
do NOT give a child juice or soda. ( high osmolarity )
Scald Burns - ANSWER-this is the top cause of burns for children younger than 4
Hot water temper greater than 140 can cause 3rd degree burns in 15 seconds
Children younger than age 2 have a higher mortality rate to burns due to what ? -
ANSWER-Great central body surface area.
Greater fluid volume
Less effective cardiovascular responses to fluid volume shifts
A partial thickness burn is considered a major burn if it involves ____ of body surface
- ANSWER-more than 25 %
A full thickness burn is considered a major burn if it involves ____ of body surface -
ANSWER-10 %
What is the Lund and Browder Chart? - ANSWER-burn tool for evaluating total body
surface area according to age with specific calculations for each body part burned
What is the Parkland formula? - ANSWER-Commonly used guideline for calculating
fluid replacement and maintenance.
What should the urinary output for infants and children be ? - ANSWER-1 to 2 mL /
kg / hr
What are your nursing interventions for suspected child abuse? - ANSWER-you are
legally required to report ll cases of suspected abuse
Take color photographs of injuries
Document factual objective statements
Recognize own feels of anger toward the parents
Utilize principles of crisis intervention
Assist child and family to develop self esteem
support the need for family therapy
, What is a nursing assessment of poisoning for children ? - ANSWER-Child found
near source of poison
GI disturbances
Burns on mouth / pharynx
Respiratory distress
Seizures , changes LOC
Cyanosis
Shock
Nursing interventions for a poisoning - ANSWER-Identify the poisonous agent
quickly !
Assess the resp, cardiac and neuro status
Tell parents to bring any vomit / stool etc to the ER
Determine the Childs age and weight
May require gastric lavage, activated charcoal, N-acetylsteine or naloxone HCI
Teach home safety
What is the major cause of lead poisonings - ANSWER-deteriorating lead based
paint
young children will put everything into their mouths
The most common route of ingestion is either from hand to mouth via contaminated
things
What systems are most seriously affected by lead? - ANSWER-Renal
Neurologic
Hematologic
what is the BBL ? - ANSWER-Blood lead level is the test use to screen and
diagnosis for lead
What is a good test indicator of early toxic effects of lead - ANSWER-EP
Erythrocyte protoporphyrin
