GCU BIO 319: LATEST A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GUIDE FOR ULTIMATE SUCCESS
water soluble vitamins
B and C
fat soluble vitamins
A, D, E, K
B vitamins
Thiamine (B1), Riboflavin (B2), Niacin (B3), Pantothenic acid (B5), Pyridoxine (B6), Biotin (B7),
Folate/folic acid (B9), Cobalamin (B12)
Minerals
Sodium, Chloride, Potassium, Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Sulfur
Trace minerals
Iron, Zinc, Iodine, Selenium
Thiamin function
-energy metabolism
-nerve and muscle activity
Thiamin food sources
-wide variety of food
-lean pork, soy milk, acorn squash, whole or enriched grains
Poor food sources: unenriched flours, cereals and processes foods
Thiamin deficiency
Beriberi:
-1-2 weeks
-loss of sensation in hands and feet, muscular weakness, abnormal heart action
-Damage to CV system
Riboflavin function
-energy metabolism
-skin and tissue growth/repair
-vision
-if B1 is lacking so is B2
, Riboflavin deficiency
-Inflammation of the mouth, skin, eyes, GI tract
-2 months
-cheilosis: cracked corners of mouth
-magenta tongue
-sensitive to light
-dry skin
Riboflavin food sources
milk, milk products, green vegetables, mushrooms, enriched and whole grain breads and
cereals
-UV destroys it, but stable to heat
Niacin function
-energy metabolism
-synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol
-skin, nervous system, digestive system
Niacin deficiency
Pellagra
-50-60 days
-The 3 D's: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia
-may lead to death
-often due to corn diet
Niacin food sources
Milk, eggs, meat, poultry, fish; asparagus, peanuts; in grains but chemically bound and all
protein-containing foods
Niacin Toxicity
-Liver damage and diabetes,
-dilates capillaries causing tingling sensation that is very painful,
-headache, itching, flushed skin
-cholesterol-lowering effect
Pantothenic Acid function
-energy production
-synthesis of fat
-formation of heme
-synthesis of cholesterol and neurotransmitters
GUIDE FOR ULTIMATE SUCCESS
water soluble vitamins
B and C
fat soluble vitamins
A, D, E, K
B vitamins
Thiamine (B1), Riboflavin (B2), Niacin (B3), Pantothenic acid (B5), Pyridoxine (B6), Biotin (B7),
Folate/folic acid (B9), Cobalamin (B12)
Minerals
Sodium, Chloride, Potassium, Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Sulfur
Trace minerals
Iron, Zinc, Iodine, Selenium
Thiamin function
-energy metabolism
-nerve and muscle activity
Thiamin food sources
-wide variety of food
-lean pork, soy milk, acorn squash, whole or enriched grains
Poor food sources: unenriched flours, cereals and processes foods
Thiamin deficiency
Beriberi:
-1-2 weeks
-loss of sensation in hands and feet, muscular weakness, abnormal heart action
-Damage to CV system
Riboflavin function
-energy metabolism
-skin and tissue growth/repair
-vision
-if B1 is lacking so is B2
, Riboflavin deficiency
-Inflammation of the mouth, skin, eyes, GI tract
-2 months
-cheilosis: cracked corners of mouth
-magenta tongue
-sensitive to light
-dry skin
Riboflavin food sources
milk, milk products, green vegetables, mushrooms, enriched and whole grain breads and
cereals
-UV destroys it, but stable to heat
Niacin function
-energy metabolism
-synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol
-skin, nervous system, digestive system
Niacin deficiency
Pellagra
-50-60 days
-The 3 D's: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia
-may lead to death
-often due to corn diet
Niacin food sources
Milk, eggs, meat, poultry, fish; asparagus, peanuts; in grains but chemically bound and all
protein-containing foods
Niacin Toxicity
-Liver damage and diabetes,
-dilates capillaries causing tingling sensation that is very painful,
-headache, itching, flushed skin
-cholesterol-lowering effect
Pantothenic Acid function
-energy production
-synthesis of fat
-formation of heme
-synthesis of cholesterol and neurotransmitters
