GCU BIO 319: LATEST A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GUIDE FOR ULTIMATE SUCCESS
fundamental properties of life
1. organization
2. metabolism
3. development
4. reproduction
5. irritability (responds to stimuli)
6. genetic code
What are the major categories of living organisms?
1. archaea
2. bacteria
3. eukaryota
What is an animal?
-cells enclosed by a membrane
-cells w enclosed organelles (eukaryotic cells)
- doesn't use light for energy
- no rigid cell wall
physical/chemical principles
-all orgs obey: capture, store, and transmit energy
- biochemical/ molecular unity to life
ex) 20/170 amino acids can be found in all beings
ex) chemical reactions done to release energy are very similar in all orgs
biogenesis
life comes from life
(reproduction is a property of all living orgs)
cell theory (aka cell doctrine)
-cells are the fundamental building blocks of life
- eukaryotic cells have differentiated/ functionally independent structures: organelles (ie
nucleus, lysosome)
gene theory ( "principle of hereditary transmission")
-all organisms inherit structural and functional organization
-genes are fundamental unit of inheritance
, - genes found on chromosomes in nucleus
- gene frequencies in pop can remain stable under certain conditions
genetic drift
change in allele frequency in a population
where is the genetic code located in a cell?
in a linear sequence of nucleotides (AGCT) on the DNA strand
define evolution
1. any genetic change in a species over time
2. passed to future generations
what are the 2 types of variation?
1. phenotypic
2. genotypic
phenotypic
due to environmental factors
- physical part we can see
genotypic
due to genetic factors
- we cant see
Buffon
(1707-1788)
- explained all variation as due to influence of environment
- thought species were fixed and DON'T CHANGE
Jean Baptiste Lamarck
(1744-1829)
-first to provide mechanism to explain variation
-1st to look at fossil records
"TRANSFORMATIONAL EVOLUTION" (=orgs can/will change)
a) inheritance of acquired adaptations to survive in their environment
b) adaptations passed on
ex) giraffe necks
charles lyell
GUIDE FOR ULTIMATE SUCCESS
fundamental properties of life
1. organization
2. metabolism
3. development
4. reproduction
5. irritability (responds to stimuli)
6. genetic code
What are the major categories of living organisms?
1. archaea
2. bacteria
3. eukaryota
What is an animal?
-cells enclosed by a membrane
-cells w enclosed organelles (eukaryotic cells)
- doesn't use light for energy
- no rigid cell wall
physical/chemical principles
-all orgs obey: capture, store, and transmit energy
- biochemical/ molecular unity to life
ex) 20/170 amino acids can be found in all beings
ex) chemical reactions done to release energy are very similar in all orgs
biogenesis
life comes from life
(reproduction is a property of all living orgs)
cell theory (aka cell doctrine)
-cells are the fundamental building blocks of life
- eukaryotic cells have differentiated/ functionally independent structures: organelles (ie
nucleus, lysosome)
gene theory ( "principle of hereditary transmission")
-all organisms inherit structural and functional organization
-genes are fundamental unit of inheritance
, - genes found on chromosomes in nucleus
- gene frequencies in pop can remain stable under certain conditions
genetic drift
change in allele frequency in a population
where is the genetic code located in a cell?
in a linear sequence of nucleotides (AGCT) on the DNA strand
define evolution
1. any genetic change in a species over time
2. passed to future generations
what are the 2 types of variation?
1. phenotypic
2. genotypic
phenotypic
due to environmental factors
- physical part we can see
genotypic
due to genetic factors
- we cant see
Buffon
(1707-1788)
- explained all variation as due to influence of environment
- thought species were fixed and DON'T CHANGE
Jean Baptiste Lamarck
(1744-1829)
-first to provide mechanism to explain variation
-1st to look at fossil records
"TRANSFORMATIONAL EVOLUTION" (=orgs can/will change)
a) inheritance of acquired adaptations to survive in their environment
b) adaptations passed on
ex) giraffe necks
charles lyell
