GCU BIO 319: LATEST A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GUIDE FOR ULTIMATE SUCCESS

GCU BIO 319: LATEST A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GUIDE FOR ULTIMATE SUCCESS What are the 5 major characteristics of Phylum Chordata? 1. Notochord 2. Dorsal tubular nerve cord 3. Pharyngeal pouches and slits 4. Post-anal tail 5. Endostyle What kind of circulatory system does Phylum Chordata have? Closed with ventral heart and dorsal and ventral blood vessels What allows Chordates to move? Notochord What does the single, dorsal, tubular nerve cord do? The anterior end of the cord is usually enlarged to form a brain At some point in a Chordates life, they will have the 5 major characteristics. How are pharyngeal pouches formed? Formed via inpocketing of outside ectoderm and evagination of the pharynx endoderm; in aquatic organisms, they develop into slits What does the endostyle do? Secretes iodinated proteins What groups are included in Phylum Chordata? 1. Protochordata (Acraniata) 2. Craniata What is the main characteristic of Group Protochordata (Acraniata)? They do not have a cranium/skull What is the main characteristic of Group Craniata? They have a cranium What were the first Chordates? Group Protochordata (Acraniata) What are the 2 subphyla included in Group Protochordata (Acraniata)? 1. Urochordata 2. Cephalochordata What organisms are included in Subphylum Urochordata? Tunicates and sea squirts What organisms are included in Subphylum Cephalochordata? Lancelets What organisms are included in Group Craniata? Vertebrates What subphylum is included in Group Craniata? Subphylum Vertebrata What are the 8 classes included in Subphylum Vertebrata? 1. Class Myxini (hagfish) 2. Class Petromyzontida (lampreys) 3. Class Chondrichthyes (sharks and rays) 4. Class Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) 5. Class Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fish) 6. Class Amphibia (amphibians) 7. Class Reptilia (reptiles) 8. Class Mammalia (mammals) What kind of circulatory system does Subphylum Vertebrata have? Closed with 2, 3, or 4 chambered hearts What are the 3 types of kidneys in Vertebrates? 1. Pronephritic 2. Mesonephritic 3. Metanephritic Pronephritic kidney: Single nephron, not attached directly to glomerulus; functional kidney of adult hagfish Mesonephritic kidney: Functional kidney of sharks and bony fishes and amphibians; 10-15 nephrons