NU 578 Controlled Substances Chapters 21-22,
24, 29-35 Latest Update 2025-2026 Actual Exam
Questions with 100% Verified Correct Answers
with Guaranteed A+ Verified by Professor
Absence seizures (petit mal) - CORRECT ANSWER: 10 to 30 sec loss of
consciousness with eyelid fluttering, abruptly stop activity
Pt may experience hundreds of absence attacks a day.
Occur primarily in children and usually cease during the early teen years.
Antagonism of Glutamate - CORRECT ANSWER: Felbamate and Topiramate (both
block the actions of glutamate at NMDA receptors and thereby suppress neuronal
excitation)
Glutamic acid is the primary excitatory transmitter in the CNS. The compound works
through 2 receptors: 1) N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), 2) alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-
methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA).
Perampanel is an AMPA glutamate receptor antagonist
Atonic seizure (drop attack) - CORRECT ANSWER: generalized seizure characterized
by sudden loss of muscle tone and strength; may cause the head to drop suddenly,
objects to fall from the hands, or the legs to lose strength, with falling and potential
injury
typically seen in children
, Carbamazepine (Tegretol, Epitol) - CORRECT ANSWER: - Is active against partial
seizures and tonic-clonic sz but not absence sz. First drug of choice for partial sz. Can
provide symptomatic control in pts with bipolar and is often effective in pts who are
refractory to lithium.
- tolerance usually develops with continued use.
Mechanism of Action: delayed recovery of sodium channels from their inactivated state.
Pharmacokinetics: its half-life decreases as therapy progresses. Induces hepatic drug-
metabolizing enzymes.
Dosage consideration: Give at bedtime to help reduce adverse CNS effects.
Adverse Effects: visual disturbances, ataxia, vertigo, unsteadiness and headache, bone
marrow suppression (causing leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia), teratogenic,
inhibit renal excretion of water by promoting secretion of antidiuretic hormone,
hyponatremia, SJS, TEN
complex partial seizure - CORRECT ANSWER: Sz is characterized by impaired
consciousness and lack of responsiveness.
At Sz onset, pt becomes motionless and stares with a fixed gaze. This state is followed
by a period of automatism, in which the pt performs repetitive, purposeless movements,
such as lip smaking or hand wringing. Sz last 45 to 90 seconds
Contraception and Pregnancy Concerns with Antiseizure Drugs - CORRECT ANSWER:
These decrease oral contraceptive effectiveness: carbamazepine, eslicarbazepine,
lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, rufinamide and topiramate.
Follow guidelines can help decrease fetal risk.
24, 29-35 Latest Update 2025-2026 Actual Exam
Questions with 100% Verified Correct Answers
with Guaranteed A+ Verified by Professor
Absence seizures (petit mal) - CORRECT ANSWER: 10 to 30 sec loss of
consciousness with eyelid fluttering, abruptly stop activity
Pt may experience hundreds of absence attacks a day.
Occur primarily in children and usually cease during the early teen years.
Antagonism of Glutamate - CORRECT ANSWER: Felbamate and Topiramate (both
block the actions of glutamate at NMDA receptors and thereby suppress neuronal
excitation)
Glutamic acid is the primary excitatory transmitter in the CNS. The compound works
through 2 receptors: 1) N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), 2) alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-
methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA).
Perampanel is an AMPA glutamate receptor antagonist
Atonic seizure (drop attack) - CORRECT ANSWER: generalized seizure characterized
by sudden loss of muscle tone and strength; may cause the head to drop suddenly,
objects to fall from the hands, or the legs to lose strength, with falling and potential
injury
typically seen in children
, Carbamazepine (Tegretol, Epitol) - CORRECT ANSWER: - Is active against partial
seizures and tonic-clonic sz but not absence sz. First drug of choice for partial sz. Can
provide symptomatic control in pts with bipolar and is often effective in pts who are
refractory to lithium.
- tolerance usually develops with continued use.
Mechanism of Action: delayed recovery of sodium channels from their inactivated state.
Pharmacokinetics: its half-life decreases as therapy progresses. Induces hepatic drug-
metabolizing enzymes.
Dosage consideration: Give at bedtime to help reduce adverse CNS effects.
Adverse Effects: visual disturbances, ataxia, vertigo, unsteadiness and headache, bone
marrow suppression (causing leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia), teratogenic,
inhibit renal excretion of water by promoting secretion of antidiuretic hormone,
hyponatremia, SJS, TEN
complex partial seizure - CORRECT ANSWER: Sz is characterized by impaired
consciousness and lack of responsiveness.
At Sz onset, pt becomes motionless and stares with a fixed gaze. This state is followed
by a period of automatism, in which the pt performs repetitive, purposeless movements,
such as lip smaking or hand wringing. Sz last 45 to 90 seconds
Contraception and Pregnancy Concerns with Antiseizure Drugs - CORRECT ANSWER:
These decrease oral contraceptive effectiveness: carbamazepine, eslicarbazepine,
lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, rufinamide and topiramate.
Follow guidelines can help decrease fetal risk.
