BIOL 1201 EXAMS: LATEST A+ GUIDE WITH ESSENTIAL
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
When a steroid hormone binds to its cytosolic receptor...
a hormone receptor complex forms that moves into the nucleus
endocrine cells are often grouped in ductless organs called _________ ______, such as the
thyroid and parathyroid glands and testes or ovaries
endocrine glands
exocrine glands
have ducts to carry secreted substances onto body surfaces or into body cavities
hormones are released from an
endocrine cell
neurosecretory cells
secrete a neurohormone, which enters the bloodstream and travels to target cells
hypothalamus
coordinates endocrine signaling
pituitary gland
at the base of the hypothalamus; composed of the posterior pituitary and anterior pituitary
gland
posterior pituitary
stores and secretes hormones that are made in the hypothalamus
pheromones
diffuse from nerve cell endings into the bloodstream
nitric oxide (NO)
a gas that functions in the body as both a local regulator and a neurotransmitter
signal transduction
chain of events that converts the extracellular chemical signal to a specific intracellular
response
anterior pituitary
, makes and releases hormones under regulation of the hypothalamus
posterior pituitary hormones
neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus synthesize the two posterior pituitary hormones;
oxytocin and ADH
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
regulates physiology and behavior
oxytocin
regulates milk secretion by the mammary glands
negative feedback
the response reduces the initial stimulus
positive feedback
reinforces a stimulus, leading to an even greater response
prolactin
stimulates milk production
hormone cascade
sets of hormones from the hypothalamus, the anterior pituitary, and a target endocrine gland
tropic hormones
stimulate certain endocrine glands to secrete hormones
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
stimulates release of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland
growth hormone
secreted by the anterior pituitary; stimulates growth through both tropic and non-tropic effects
the liver is a major target and responds to GH by
releasing insulin-like growth factors
insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)
circulate in the blood and directly stimulate bone and cartilage growth
parathyroid hormone and vitamin D
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
When a steroid hormone binds to its cytosolic receptor...
a hormone receptor complex forms that moves into the nucleus
endocrine cells are often grouped in ductless organs called _________ ______, such as the
thyroid and parathyroid glands and testes or ovaries
endocrine glands
exocrine glands
have ducts to carry secreted substances onto body surfaces or into body cavities
hormones are released from an
endocrine cell
neurosecretory cells
secrete a neurohormone, which enters the bloodstream and travels to target cells
hypothalamus
coordinates endocrine signaling
pituitary gland
at the base of the hypothalamus; composed of the posterior pituitary and anterior pituitary
gland
posterior pituitary
stores and secretes hormones that are made in the hypothalamus
pheromones
diffuse from nerve cell endings into the bloodstream
nitric oxide (NO)
a gas that functions in the body as both a local regulator and a neurotransmitter
signal transduction
chain of events that converts the extracellular chemical signal to a specific intracellular
response
anterior pituitary
, makes and releases hormones under regulation of the hypothalamus
posterior pituitary hormones
neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus synthesize the two posterior pituitary hormones;
oxytocin and ADH
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
regulates physiology and behavior
oxytocin
regulates milk secretion by the mammary glands
negative feedback
the response reduces the initial stimulus
positive feedback
reinforces a stimulus, leading to an even greater response
prolactin
stimulates milk production
hormone cascade
sets of hormones from the hypothalamus, the anterior pituitary, and a target endocrine gland
tropic hormones
stimulate certain endocrine glands to secrete hormones
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
stimulates release of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland
growth hormone
secreted by the anterior pituitary; stimulates growth through both tropic and non-tropic effects
the liver is a major target and responds to GH by
releasing insulin-like growth factors
insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)
circulate in the blood and directly stimulate bone and cartilage growth
parathyroid hormone and vitamin D
