BIOL 1201 EXAMS: LATEST A+ GUIDE WITH ESSENTIAL
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Homeostatic regulation of calcium ions in the blood is maintained by
parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin
What happens when Ca2+ levels fall in blood?
Ca2+ is released from bones and reabsorbed in kidneys
Vitamin D produced
Parathyroid hormone is released
Parathyroid gland is activated
Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids are secreted from
adrenal cortex
What are effects of catecholamines?
increases in heart rate and blood pressure
increases in blood supply to the heart, brain, and skeletal muscles
increase in metabolic rate
breakdown of glycogen in liver and skeletal muscle, which increases blood glucose
What is the correct order of the stages that occur during processing of information by
nervous system?
Resting potential is mostly due to ion movements through which two of the following?
1. Na+/K+ pumps;
2. voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels;
3. ligand-gated Na+ and K+ channels;
4. voltage-gated Ca2+ channels;
5. Na+ and K+ leak channels
1 and 5
The difference in electrical charge across a cell's plasma membrane is called _________
membrane potential
What happens when a resting neuron's membrane depolarizes?
The neuron's membrane voltage becomes more positive.
_______ will be initiated by the fight-or-flight response following a stressful stimulus?
liver cells convert glycogen into glucose
, In their mechanism of action, a difference between lipid-soluble and water-soluble hormones
is that __________
lipid-soluble hormones bind to an intracellular receptor and this hormone-receptor complex
binds to DNA
chemical signals between cells, transported in blood or hemolymph
Hormones
endocrine glands ______ have ducts
do not
Testosterone is an example of a chemical signal that affects, variously, the very cells that
synthesize it in the testis, the neighboring cells, and distant cells outside the gonads. Thus,
testosterone is an example of ________.
an autocrine signal, a paracrine signal, and an endocrine signal
why does the steroid hormone aldosterone affects only a small number of target cells in the
body?
only target cells are exposed to aldosterone
both steroid and polypeptide travel through the ____
bloodstream
Which of the following are the two main systems for communication and control in most
animals?
nervous system and endocrine system
The mammary glands secrete milk in response to circulating oxytocin. A suckling baby feeding
on this milk stimulates additional oxytocin release. These related events are an example of
________.
positive feedback
Which hormone opposes the action of parathyroid hormone?
calcitonin
What hormone promotes water retention by the kidneys?
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
_____ are the main male hormones.
Androgens
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Homeostatic regulation of calcium ions in the blood is maintained by
parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin
What happens when Ca2+ levels fall in blood?
Ca2+ is released from bones and reabsorbed in kidneys
Vitamin D produced
Parathyroid hormone is released
Parathyroid gland is activated
Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids are secreted from
adrenal cortex
What are effects of catecholamines?
increases in heart rate and blood pressure
increases in blood supply to the heart, brain, and skeletal muscles
increase in metabolic rate
breakdown of glycogen in liver and skeletal muscle, which increases blood glucose
What is the correct order of the stages that occur during processing of information by
nervous system?
Resting potential is mostly due to ion movements through which two of the following?
1. Na+/K+ pumps;
2. voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels;
3. ligand-gated Na+ and K+ channels;
4. voltage-gated Ca2+ channels;
5. Na+ and K+ leak channels
1 and 5
The difference in electrical charge across a cell's plasma membrane is called _________
membrane potential
What happens when a resting neuron's membrane depolarizes?
The neuron's membrane voltage becomes more positive.
_______ will be initiated by the fight-or-flight response following a stressful stimulus?
liver cells convert glycogen into glucose
, In their mechanism of action, a difference between lipid-soluble and water-soluble hormones
is that __________
lipid-soluble hormones bind to an intracellular receptor and this hormone-receptor complex
binds to DNA
chemical signals between cells, transported in blood or hemolymph
Hormones
endocrine glands ______ have ducts
do not
Testosterone is an example of a chemical signal that affects, variously, the very cells that
synthesize it in the testis, the neighboring cells, and distant cells outside the gonads. Thus,
testosterone is an example of ________.
an autocrine signal, a paracrine signal, and an endocrine signal
why does the steroid hormone aldosterone affects only a small number of target cells in the
body?
only target cells are exposed to aldosterone
both steroid and polypeptide travel through the ____
bloodstream
Which of the following are the two main systems for communication and control in most
animals?
nervous system and endocrine system
The mammary glands secrete milk in response to circulating oxytocin. A suckling baby feeding
on this milk stimulates additional oxytocin release. These related events are an example of
________.
positive feedback
Which hormone opposes the action of parathyroid hormone?
calcitonin
What hormone promotes water retention by the kidneys?
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
_____ are the main male hormones.
Androgens
