BIOL 1201 EXAMS: LATEST A+ GUIDE WITH ESSENTIAL
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Condensation Reactions
• Used to make all organic Polymers
• Each bond formed results in the production of 1 molecule of water
• Reverse Reaction: Hydrolysis
Protein Structure
• Protein function largely dependent on structure (shape)
• Protein structure largely dependent on weak bonds
• Protein structure is flexible
Law of Thermodynamics First Law
o Energy can neither be created nor destroyed only converted from one form to another.
o If products have greater energy than the reactants then you'd have to input extra energy; if it had less
energy then it must have given it off
Law of Thermodynamics Second Law
o When converting energy from one form to another the amount of useful energy decreases
o There's less usable energy when one has to convert from one form to another.
The solutions in the two arms of this U-tube are separated by a membrane that is permeable to water
and glucose but not to sucrose. Side A is filled with a solution of 1 M sucrose and 1 M glucose. Side B is
filled with 1 M sucrose and 2 M glucose. After the system reaches equilibrium, what changes are
observed?
The water level is unchanged.
Five dialysis bags, with membranes impermeable to sucrose, were filled with various concentrations
of sucrose as follows:
Bag #1 = 0.1 M sucrose
Bag #2 =0.2 M sucrose
Bag #3 = 0.3 M sucrose
Bag #4 = 0.4 M sucrose
Bag #5 = 0.5 M sucrose
The bags were all weighed and then placed in separate beakers each containing an initial
concentration of 0.6 M sucrose solution. After 30-minute the bags were removed weighed again and
the percent change in mass of each bag was calculated. Which of the following statements would
correctly reflect the outcome of this experiment?
All the bags weighed less because they lost water.
Chemical Reactions
, • Occur anytime two or more atoms, ions, or molecules collide in such a way that they produce a new
substance.
Spontaneous Reaction
o Can occur outside help (energy)
o Release free energy (exergonic)
o Won't occur quickly; not instantaneous
o Reactions going downhill energetically
o Reactants have greater free energy than the products
Non-Spontaneous Reaction
o Can occur only with outside help (energy)
o Require free energy (endergonic)
o Reactions in which we have to add free energy to start the process
o Going energetically uphill
o Reactants have lesser free energy than the products
Free Energy
• Energy that is free and available to do work
• Amount of energy that's needed for or released when reactions/processes occur
3 types of Free Energy
Gravitational Motion, DIffusion, Chemical Reaction
Negative Sign in Free Energy Equation
Change In Free Energy Is Inveresely Related To The Entropy
Based on size and charge which of the following would likely move through the lipid bilayer of a
plasma membrane most rapidly?
Carbon Dioxide
Carrier proteins and channel proteins are both involved in?
Facilitated Diffusion
G
free energy
H=(heat energy the system contains that can be released in the form of heat)
enthalpy
Which of the following is usually NOT true about active transport?
The molecules being moved can cross the phospholipid bilayer easily.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Condensation Reactions
• Used to make all organic Polymers
• Each bond formed results in the production of 1 molecule of water
• Reverse Reaction: Hydrolysis
Protein Structure
• Protein function largely dependent on structure (shape)
• Protein structure largely dependent on weak bonds
• Protein structure is flexible
Law of Thermodynamics First Law
o Energy can neither be created nor destroyed only converted from one form to another.
o If products have greater energy than the reactants then you'd have to input extra energy; if it had less
energy then it must have given it off
Law of Thermodynamics Second Law
o When converting energy from one form to another the amount of useful energy decreases
o There's less usable energy when one has to convert from one form to another.
The solutions in the two arms of this U-tube are separated by a membrane that is permeable to water
and glucose but not to sucrose. Side A is filled with a solution of 1 M sucrose and 1 M glucose. Side B is
filled with 1 M sucrose and 2 M glucose. After the system reaches equilibrium, what changes are
observed?
The water level is unchanged.
Five dialysis bags, with membranes impermeable to sucrose, were filled with various concentrations
of sucrose as follows:
Bag #1 = 0.1 M sucrose
Bag #2 =0.2 M sucrose
Bag #3 = 0.3 M sucrose
Bag #4 = 0.4 M sucrose
Bag #5 = 0.5 M sucrose
The bags were all weighed and then placed in separate beakers each containing an initial
concentration of 0.6 M sucrose solution. After 30-minute the bags were removed weighed again and
the percent change in mass of each bag was calculated. Which of the following statements would
correctly reflect the outcome of this experiment?
All the bags weighed less because they lost water.
Chemical Reactions
, • Occur anytime two or more atoms, ions, or molecules collide in such a way that they produce a new
substance.
Spontaneous Reaction
o Can occur outside help (energy)
o Release free energy (exergonic)
o Won't occur quickly; not instantaneous
o Reactions going downhill energetically
o Reactants have greater free energy than the products
Non-Spontaneous Reaction
o Can occur only with outside help (energy)
o Require free energy (endergonic)
o Reactions in which we have to add free energy to start the process
o Going energetically uphill
o Reactants have lesser free energy than the products
Free Energy
• Energy that is free and available to do work
• Amount of energy that's needed for or released when reactions/processes occur
3 types of Free Energy
Gravitational Motion, DIffusion, Chemical Reaction
Negative Sign in Free Energy Equation
Change In Free Energy Is Inveresely Related To The Entropy
Based on size and charge which of the following would likely move through the lipid bilayer of a
plasma membrane most rapidly?
Carbon Dioxide
Carrier proteins and channel proteins are both involved in?
Facilitated Diffusion
G
free energy
H=(heat energy the system contains that can be released in the form of heat)
enthalpy
Which of the following is usually NOT true about active transport?
The molecules being moved can cross the phospholipid bilayer easily.
