BIOL 1201 EXAMS: LATEST A+ GUIDE WITH ESSENTIAL
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
heredity
The transmission of traits from one generation to the next is called inheritance
genetics
the study of heredity or inherited variation
Genes
are the units of heredity and are made up of segments of DNA
gametes
reproductive cell
somatic cells
Humans have 46 chromosomes in the nuclei of their
locus
A gene's specific position along a chromosome
asexual reproduction
Process by which a single parent reproduces by itself
clone
individual or group of genetically identical individuals from the same parent
sexual reproduction
Process by which cells from two different parents unite to produce the first cell of a new
organism.
life cycle
The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.
Karyotype
ordered display of the pairs of chromosomes from a cell
What are homologous chromosomes?
The two chromosomes in each pair.
, What characteristics do chromosomes in a homologous pair share?
Chromosomes in a homologous pair have the same length, centromere position, and staining
pattern.
sex chromosomes
X and Y chromosomes.
autosomes
The remaining 22 pairs of chromosomes
diploid cell
A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from each parent.
haploid cell
A gamete (sperm or egg) contains a single set of chromosomes
fertilization
the union of gametes (the sperm and the egg)
zygote
the fertilized egg; has one set of chromosomes from each parent
meiosis
Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms
what is the only type of cells produced by meiosis?
gametes
alternation of generation
the alternation between the haploid gametophyte and the diploid sporophyte in a plant's life
cycle
meiosis 1
Homologous chromosomes separate
phases of meiosis 1
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase & cytokinesis
chiasmata
X-shaped regions where crossing over occurred.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
heredity
The transmission of traits from one generation to the next is called inheritance
genetics
the study of heredity or inherited variation
Genes
are the units of heredity and are made up of segments of DNA
gametes
reproductive cell
somatic cells
Humans have 46 chromosomes in the nuclei of their
locus
A gene's specific position along a chromosome
asexual reproduction
Process by which a single parent reproduces by itself
clone
individual or group of genetically identical individuals from the same parent
sexual reproduction
Process by which cells from two different parents unite to produce the first cell of a new
organism.
life cycle
The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.
Karyotype
ordered display of the pairs of chromosomes from a cell
What are homologous chromosomes?
The two chromosomes in each pair.
, What characteristics do chromosomes in a homologous pair share?
Chromosomes in a homologous pair have the same length, centromere position, and staining
pattern.
sex chromosomes
X and Y chromosomes.
autosomes
The remaining 22 pairs of chromosomes
diploid cell
A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from each parent.
haploid cell
A gamete (sperm or egg) contains a single set of chromosomes
fertilization
the union of gametes (the sperm and the egg)
zygote
the fertilized egg; has one set of chromosomes from each parent
meiosis
Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms
what is the only type of cells produced by meiosis?
gametes
alternation of generation
the alternation between the haploid gametophyte and the diploid sporophyte in a plant's life
cycle
meiosis 1
Homologous chromosomes separate
phases of meiosis 1
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase & cytokinesis
chiasmata
X-shaped regions where crossing over occurred.
