MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EXAM: LATEST A+ QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN
Anabolism
Constructive metabolism; the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones.
Catabolism
Metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy.
Glucose
A simple sugar that is an important source of energy.
Nucleic acids
macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
Metabolism
the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down
materials = web of all enzyme catalyzed reactions
Peptide bond
The chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino
group of another amino acid
Phospholipids
a lipid consisting of a glycerol bound to two fatty acids and a phosphate group.
Ribose
A five-carbon sugar present in RNA
Monosaccharides
simplest form of carbohydrate; ex: glucose, fructose, galactose
Urea
waste product formed in the liver, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys, and excreted in
urine
Polysaccharides
Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides
Protein
, An organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal
component of all cells. Contains, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
amino acids
a simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (—COOH) and an amino (—NH2) group.
Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
Amylopectin
a soluble polysaccharide and highly-branched polymer of glucose found in plants as one of the
two components of starch (the other being amylose). 1,6 branched
Amylose
a polysaccharide found in plants as one of the two components of starch (making up
approximately 20-30% of the structure). 1,4 bonds
Fatty acids
any of the group of a long chain of hydrocarbon derived from the breakdown of fats having a
single carboxylic group and aliphatic tail.
Monomer
A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers
Isomers
chemical compounds of the same chemical formula but different structure (cis or trans).
Sucrose
glucose + fructose
Glycerol
a metabolic intermediate and structural component of the major classes of biological lipids,
triglycerides, and phospholipids.
Glycogen
a branched polymer of glucose that is mainly produced in liver and muscle cells, and functions
as secondary long-term energy storage in animal cells.
condensation reaction
a chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combine to produce water or another
simple molecule. --> anabolism
Adhesion
AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN
Anabolism
Constructive metabolism; the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones.
Catabolism
Metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy.
Glucose
A simple sugar that is an important source of energy.
Nucleic acids
macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
Metabolism
the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down
materials = web of all enzyme catalyzed reactions
Peptide bond
The chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino
group of another amino acid
Phospholipids
a lipid consisting of a glycerol bound to two fatty acids and a phosphate group.
Ribose
A five-carbon sugar present in RNA
Monosaccharides
simplest form of carbohydrate; ex: glucose, fructose, galactose
Urea
waste product formed in the liver, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys, and excreted in
urine
Polysaccharides
Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides
Protein
, An organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal
component of all cells. Contains, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
amino acids
a simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (—COOH) and an amino (—NH2) group.
Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
Amylopectin
a soluble polysaccharide and highly-branched polymer of glucose found in plants as one of the
two components of starch (the other being amylose). 1,6 branched
Amylose
a polysaccharide found in plants as one of the two components of starch (making up
approximately 20-30% of the structure). 1,4 bonds
Fatty acids
any of the group of a long chain of hydrocarbon derived from the breakdown of fats having a
single carboxylic group and aliphatic tail.
Monomer
A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers
Isomers
chemical compounds of the same chemical formula but different structure (cis or trans).
Sucrose
glucose + fructose
Glycerol
a metabolic intermediate and structural component of the major classes of biological lipids,
triglycerides, and phospholipids.
Glycogen
a branched polymer of glucose that is mainly produced in liver and muscle cells, and functions
as secondary long-term energy storage in animal cells.
condensation reaction
a chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combine to produce water or another
simple molecule. --> anabolism
Adhesion
