MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EXAM 1: LATEST A+ QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN.
the branch of biology that deals with the structure and function of the macromolecules
(proteins, nucleic acids) essential to life
molecular biology
-Molecular biology is specifically focused on the molecules that _____ and ______ biological
information
-Molecular biology can bridge the gap between the fields of ____ and _______
i.e. We can study how biological information is transferred between organisms and how that
information is used to control cell function
-Molecular biology is specifically focused on the molecules that store and process biological
information
-Molecular biology can bridge the gap between the fields of genetics and cell biology
i.e. We can study how biological information is transferred between organisms and how that
information is used to control cell function
-All of our knowledge of molecular biology comes from the results of _________
experiments
DNA is a carrier of genetic information: Mouse example
Encapsulated strain = ______
non-encapsulated strain = ______
heat-killed encapsulated strain = ______
DNA is a carrier of genetic information:
Encapsulated strain = virulent, pathogenic, mouse dies
non-encapsulated strain = nonvirulent, non pathogenic, mouse lives
,heat-killed encapsulated strain = mouse lives
Transformation of Streptococcus pneumonia with purified DNA (1944)
DNA from pathogenic bacteria was sufficient to induce a _______ phenotype in ________
samples
The _______ phenotype observed was _______ over multiple generations
who were the people that discovered this?
Transformation of Streptococcus pneumonia with purified DNA (1944)
DNA from pathogenic bacteria was sufficient to induce a pathogenic phenotype in non-
pathogenic samples
The pathogenic phenotype observed was heritable over multiple generations
Maclyn mccarty, oswald avery, colin macleod
Which experiement displayed that genes encode enzymes?
who did this experiment?
the bread mold experiement ( neurospora crassa)
george beadle, edward tatum
Bread mold experiment:
-Mutants grown on minimal media supplemented with _______ molecules
-Mutated genes encode enzymes required for _______
Bread mold experiment:
-Mutants grown on minimal media supplemented with arginine precursor molecules
-Mutated genes encode enzymes required for arginine biosynthesis
The form and structure of DNA:
Who discovered diffraction pattern of purified DNA?
, Who interpreted diffraction pattern of purified DNA?
Rosalind Franklin, Maurice Wilkins
James Watson, Francis Crick
How is DNA held together:
-DNA strands are held together by _____ bonds between _____
-DNA bases stack and are held together by _______
How is DNA held together:
-DNA strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between bases
-DNA bases stack and are held together by hydrophobic interactions
what are the 4 major characteristics of a DNA molecule?
1.Two polynucleotide chains
2.Anti-parallel orientation
3.Watson-Crick base pairing
4.Double helix structure
Purines = ____
Pyrimidines = ______
adenine, guanine
cytosine, thymine, uracil
DNA strands have polarity:
-Sugar oxygen will always point towards the _____ end of the nucleotide chain
Sugar oxygen will always point towards the 5' end of the nucleotide chain
Nucleotides DNA have three main parts, what are they?
sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate, and nitrogenous base
AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN.
the branch of biology that deals with the structure and function of the macromolecules
(proteins, nucleic acids) essential to life
molecular biology
-Molecular biology is specifically focused on the molecules that _____ and ______ biological
information
-Molecular biology can bridge the gap between the fields of ____ and _______
i.e. We can study how biological information is transferred between organisms and how that
information is used to control cell function
-Molecular biology is specifically focused on the molecules that store and process biological
information
-Molecular biology can bridge the gap between the fields of genetics and cell biology
i.e. We can study how biological information is transferred between organisms and how that
information is used to control cell function
-All of our knowledge of molecular biology comes from the results of _________
experiments
DNA is a carrier of genetic information: Mouse example
Encapsulated strain = ______
non-encapsulated strain = ______
heat-killed encapsulated strain = ______
DNA is a carrier of genetic information:
Encapsulated strain = virulent, pathogenic, mouse dies
non-encapsulated strain = nonvirulent, non pathogenic, mouse lives
,heat-killed encapsulated strain = mouse lives
Transformation of Streptococcus pneumonia with purified DNA (1944)
DNA from pathogenic bacteria was sufficient to induce a _______ phenotype in ________
samples
The _______ phenotype observed was _______ over multiple generations
who were the people that discovered this?
Transformation of Streptococcus pneumonia with purified DNA (1944)
DNA from pathogenic bacteria was sufficient to induce a pathogenic phenotype in non-
pathogenic samples
The pathogenic phenotype observed was heritable over multiple generations
Maclyn mccarty, oswald avery, colin macleod
Which experiement displayed that genes encode enzymes?
who did this experiment?
the bread mold experiement ( neurospora crassa)
george beadle, edward tatum
Bread mold experiment:
-Mutants grown on minimal media supplemented with _______ molecules
-Mutated genes encode enzymes required for _______
Bread mold experiment:
-Mutants grown on minimal media supplemented with arginine precursor molecules
-Mutated genes encode enzymes required for arginine biosynthesis
The form and structure of DNA:
Who discovered diffraction pattern of purified DNA?
, Who interpreted diffraction pattern of purified DNA?
Rosalind Franklin, Maurice Wilkins
James Watson, Francis Crick
How is DNA held together:
-DNA strands are held together by _____ bonds between _____
-DNA bases stack and are held together by _______
How is DNA held together:
-DNA strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between bases
-DNA bases stack and are held together by hydrophobic interactions
what are the 4 major characteristics of a DNA molecule?
1.Two polynucleotide chains
2.Anti-parallel orientation
3.Watson-Crick base pairing
4.Double helix structure
Purines = ____
Pyrimidines = ______
adenine, guanine
cytosine, thymine, uracil
DNA strands have polarity:
-Sugar oxygen will always point towards the _____ end of the nucleotide chain
Sugar oxygen will always point towards the 5' end of the nucleotide chain
Nucleotides DNA have three main parts, what are they?
sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate, and nitrogenous base
