MCN 273 FINAL EXAM: YOUR A+ GUIDE THROUGH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.

MCN 273 FINAL EXAM: YOUR A+ GUIDE THROUGH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Inflammation of the female genital tract from gonorrhea or chlamydia Post-infection tubal damage is associated with infertility and ectopic pregnancy PID: Risk Factors Multiple sex partners H/O PID Early onset of sexual activity PID: S/S Bilateral sharp pain Cramping pain in lower quadrants Fever greater than 101 F Chills, N/V, malaise Mucopurulent cervical or vaginal discharge PID: Tx Antibiotics Possible hospitalization Treat partner as well Herpes: Transmission Skin to skin contact with an infected site Primary outbreak with lesions, then dormant, recurrent infection that lasts a lifetime Can be transmitted to baby Herpes: Tx No cure, but treatment available Prophylactic tx in third trimester at week 36 with antibiotics (oral acyclovir, Valacyclovir) Herpes: Pregnancy Implications Risk for SAB, PTL Cesarean birth if active lesions are present Acyclovir/Valacyclovir in 3rd trimester Syphilis: Transmission Transplacental Always screen at first prenatal visit Syphilis: Tx Antibiotics Syphilis: Pregnancy Implications Congenital syphilis IUGR Preterm birth Stillbirth CNS/Intellectual disability Heart/lung/liver damage Screening for VDRL or RPR blood test Syphilis: Effect of Congenital Syphilis on Newborns FTT No bridge to nose (saddle nose) Rash and lesions Watery nasal discharge Irritability Fever Cervical Abnormalities Bethesda scoring system ASC - atypical squamous cells LSIL - low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion HSIL - high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion Evaluated using colonoscopy (SSE with acid solution to visualize abnormal cells) Surgically treated by LEEP, cryosurgery, laser therapy, conization (bone biopsy) Zika Transmitted by mosquitoes, intercourse, and pregnant mother to fetus S/S of infection include fever, rash, joint pain, conjunctivitis May result in microcephaly, risk of miscarriage, eye/hearing deficits, and impaired growth Prevent mosquito bites, avoid travel to areas with Zika, use a condom Females wait 2months after exposure or symptoms to have sex again Males wait 3months after exposure or symptoms to have sex again Maternal Weight: Prenatal Nutrition Factors General nutritional status before pregnancy Common discomforts of pregnancy N/V Maternal age Maternal parity (space pregnancies 1yr apart) Maternal Weight: Nutrition Impacts Fetal well-being Birth outcome (preterm delivery, low birth weight, macrosomia, developmental issues) Maternal Weight: Obesity in Pregnancy Can cause complications and poor outcomes for both mom and baby Risks include HTN, diabetes, C/S, possible link between obese moms and obese kids Maternal Weight Gain: Average Distribution Extra blood 4-5lbs Breast tissue 1-4lbs Extra tissue fluid 3-5lbs Amniotic fluid 2lbs Fetus 7-8.5lbs Extra uterine tissue 2lbs Extra fat stores 4-6lbs Maternal Nutritional Requirements Calories: +300cal/day Protein: 80g/day Fluids: 8-10 eight oz glasses of fluid, 4-6 glasses of water Folic acid: 400-800mcg/day Iron: 27mg/day Food Safety Wash hands before and after meals Wash cutting boards and utensils Wash raw produce Keep raw proteins from ready foods Potentially keep different cutting boards for meat and vegetables Cook food on clean plate Thorough cooking time Discard leftovers out for 2hrs Check temp of refrigerator Cook perishable foods as soon as possible Foods to Avoid in Pregnancy: Seafood Swordfish, tilefish, mackerel, shark, ahi tuna Risk of methyl mercury Can have cooked shellfish, canned fish, small ocean fish, farm-raised salmon Foods to Avoid in Pregnancy: Raw/Undercooked Foods E.g. sushi Risk of bacteria/viruses Can have cooked fish Foods to Avoid in Pregnancy: Raw Sprouts