MED 118: CHAPTER 10. AN ULTIMATE A+ QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN
Histamine 1 (H1)
when activated, this receptor causes vasodilation, increased vascular permeability and
bronchoconstriction. These responses cause runny nose and itchy eyes.
first generation antihistamines
antihistamine that often cause drowsiness, used for mild allergy symptoms (runny nose,
sneezing, itching). can produce anticholinergic effects (anhidrosis for example). crosses
the BBB with high H1 receptor affinity in CNS
second generation antihistamines
antihistamine that do not readily cross the BBB, making them non-drowsy meds and
have a longer half-life.
diphenhydramine
Benadryl: 1st gen antihistamine
diphenhydramine (Benadryl) ADR
all anticholinergic effects: drowsiness, dry mouth, reduced reaction time, urinary
retention
cetirizine
Zyrtec: 2nd gen antihistamine
cetirizine (Zyrtec) and loratadine (Claritin) ADR
drowsiness (rare), headache, dry mouth
loratadine
Claritin: 2nd gen antihistamine
vasoconstriction
narrowing of blood vessels and membranes. decongestants cause _________.
decongestants
constrict blood vessels of nasal passages and limit blood flow, which causes swollen
tissues to shrink so that air can pass more freely through the passageways. should be
avoided in those with CV disease
Pseudoephedrine
, Sudafed
pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) and phenylephrine (Sudafed PE and Neo-Synephrine)
oral decongestants that activate alpha-1 adrenergic receptors in blood vessels, acting
as sympathomimetic
sympathomimetic
agent that mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight system)
pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) and phenylephrine (Sudafed PE) ADR
CNS excitement (restlessness, insomnia, anxiety) and Cardiovascular (hypertension
and tachycardia)
phenylephrine
Neo-Synephrine, Sudafed PE
5 days
Do not use nasal decongestants for longer than ______.
oxymetazoline
Afrin: topical decongestant delivered via nasal spray. clears nasal and sinus congestion
and pressure due to colds and allergies
triamcinolone
Nasacort Allergy 24HR: nasal steroid to avoid allergy symptoms. help prevent
symptoms in a once-daily dose, but can take 2-3 weeks to reach full effectiveness.
dextromethorphan
antitussive: activates opioid receptors in the cough center of the brain to suppress the
cough reflex. ADR: dizziness, somnolence, fatigue
guaifenesin/dextromethorphan
Robitussin DM, Mucinex DM: OTC antitussive and expectorant, aids in loosening
phlegm and suppressing cough
ADR: drowsiness, dizziness, nausea and stomach pain
guaifenesin/codeine
Cheratussin AC: combination antitussive & expectorant that is prescription only
guaifenesin
Mucinex: expectorant, increases the volume and decreases viscosity of respiratory
mucus (makes it able to be coughed up more easily), often added with antitussive
AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN
Histamine 1 (H1)
when activated, this receptor causes vasodilation, increased vascular permeability and
bronchoconstriction. These responses cause runny nose and itchy eyes.
first generation antihistamines
antihistamine that often cause drowsiness, used for mild allergy symptoms (runny nose,
sneezing, itching). can produce anticholinergic effects (anhidrosis for example). crosses
the BBB with high H1 receptor affinity in CNS
second generation antihistamines
antihistamine that do not readily cross the BBB, making them non-drowsy meds and
have a longer half-life.
diphenhydramine
Benadryl: 1st gen antihistamine
diphenhydramine (Benadryl) ADR
all anticholinergic effects: drowsiness, dry mouth, reduced reaction time, urinary
retention
cetirizine
Zyrtec: 2nd gen antihistamine
cetirizine (Zyrtec) and loratadine (Claritin) ADR
drowsiness (rare), headache, dry mouth
loratadine
Claritin: 2nd gen antihistamine
vasoconstriction
narrowing of blood vessels and membranes. decongestants cause _________.
decongestants
constrict blood vessels of nasal passages and limit blood flow, which causes swollen
tissues to shrink so that air can pass more freely through the passageways. should be
avoided in those with CV disease
Pseudoephedrine
, Sudafed
pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) and phenylephrine (Sudafed PE and Neo-Synephrine)
oral decongestants that activate alpha-1 adrenergic receptors in blood vessels, acting
as sympathomimetic
sympathomimetic
agent that mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight system)
pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) and phenylephrine (Sudafed PE) ADR
CNS excitement (restlessness, insomnia, anxiety) and Cardiovascular (hypertension
and tachycardia)
phenylephrine
Neo-Synephrine, Sudafed PE
5 days
Do not use nasal decongestants for longer than ______.
oxymetazoline
Afrin: topical decongestant delivered via nasal spray. clears nasal and sinus congestion
and pressure due to colds and allergies
triamcinolone
Nasacort Allergy 24HR: nasal steroid to avoid allergy symptoms. help prevent
symptoms in a once-daily dose, but can take 2-3 weeks to reach full effectiveness.
dextromethorphan
antitussive: activates opioid receptors in the cough center of the brain to suppress the
cough reflex. ADR: dizziness, somnolence, fatigue
guaifenesin/dextromethorphan
Robitussin DM, Mucinex DM: OTC antitussive and expectorant, aids in loosening
phlegm and suppressing cough
ADR: drowsiness, dizziness, nausea and stomach pain
guaifenesin/codeine
Cheratussin AC: combination antitussive & expectorant that is prescription only
guaifenesin
Mucinex: expectorant, increases the volume and decreases viscosity of respiratory
mucus (makes it able to be coughed up more easily), often added with antitussive
