MED 118: CHAPTER 12.AN ULTIMATE A+ QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN
axonal conduction and synaptic transmission
In order to influence a process under neuronal control, a drug can alter one of two basic
neuronal activities:
axonal conduction
signal travels from the soma (cell body) on the left moving the action potential to the end
of the axon. These drugs are used as local anesthetics that can dull pain. These drugs:
- not selective
- more adverse effects
- few medication classes
synaptic transmission
after the action potential reaches the nerve terminal, NT is released and binds to the
receptor at the postsynaptic cell. Used mostly as antidepressants that work specifically
on serotonin. These drugs:
- selective
- can "choose" adverse effects
- many medication classes
esters
one of the two major classes of local anesthetics, generally found in topical agents and
cause more allergic reactions when given by injection
ex: benzocaine (Anbesol)
amides
one of the two major classes of local anesthetics that is usually less allergenic and well
tolerated when injected.
ex: lidocaine (Solarcaine Cool Aloe Burn Relief Formula Pain)
benzocaine
Anbesol: topical analgesic, local anesthetic for minor relief of skin irritation.
given as a spray or ointment
, oral formula for toothache, cold sores and oral sprays for sore throats and decreases
gag reflex
ADR: tingling, burning or stinging sensation
should not be inhaled or swallowed
lidocaine
Solarcaine Cool Aloe Burn Relief Formula Pain: topical analgesic, local anesthetic
for topical pain and irriation relief (mouth sores, eczema, intubation procedures,
hemorrhoids, nerve diseases and pain from shingles
given as a cream
ADR: skin irritation, redness and swelling
do not use on broken skin, mucous membranes or infections. should not be used for
teething and for children under 3.
insomnia
a patient is diagnosed with this if lack of sleep is keeping the patient from completing
tasks during the day. can be idiopathic or caused by anxiety, depression or other
causes. It is best to treat the underlying cause first.
acetaminophen/diphenhydramine
Tylenol PM: analegesic/first-gen antihistamine combo used to insomnia and mild
overnight pain
do not take with other pain or allergy treatments, including topical
ADR: dry mouth, blurry vision, constipation
tolerance to drowsiness builds within 1-2 weeks but ADR remains
sedative hypnotics
drugs that can act as a sedative to reduce anxiety, hypnotics to help the pt fall
asleep/stay asleep, or both. the difference lies in the way each one acts on the body
hypnotics
a class of drugs related to benzodiazepines, called the benzodiazepine-like drugs. Also
called _______.
eszopiclone
Lunesta: hypnotic used to treat insomnia.
anyone who has slept walked or drove should not take this med
AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN
axonal conduction and synaptic transmission
In order to influence a process under neuronal control, a drug can alter one of two basic
neuronal activities:
axonal conduction
signal travels from the soma (cell body) on the left moving the action potential to the end
of the axon. These drugs are used as local anesthetics that can dull pain. These drugs:
- not selective
- more adverse effects
- few medication classes
synaptic transmission
after the action potential reaches the nerve terminal, NT is released and binds to the
receptor at the postsynaptic cell. Used mostly as antidepressants that work specifically
on serotonin. These drugs:
- selective
- can "choose" adverse effects
- many medication classes
esters
one of the two major classes of local anesthetics, generally found in topical agents and
cause more allergic reactions when given by injection
ex: benzocaine (Anbesol)
amides
one of the two major classes of local anesthetics that is usually less allergenic and well
tolerated when injected.
ex: lidocaine (Solarcaine Cool Aloe Burn Relief Formula Pain)
benzocaine
Anbesol: topical analgesic, local anesthetic for minor relief of skin irritation.
given as a spray or ointment
, oral formula for toothache, cold sores and oral sprays for sore throats and decreases
gag reflex
ADR: tingling, burning or stinging sensation
should not be inhaled or swallowed
lidocaine
Solarcaine Cool Aloe Burn Relief Formula Pain: topical analgesic, local anesthetic
for topical pain and irriation relief (mouth sores, eczema, intubation procedures,
hemorrhoids, nerve diseases and pain from shingles
given as a cream
ADR: skin irritation, redness and swelling
do not use on broken skin, mucous membranes or infections. should not be used for
teething and for children under 3.
insomnia
a patient is diagnosed with this if lack of sleep is keeping the patient from completing
tasks during the day. can be idiopathic or caused by anxiety, depression or other
causes. It is best to treat the underlying cause first.
acetaminophen/diphenhydramine
Tylenol PM: analegesic/first-gen antihistamine combo used to insomnia and mild
overnight pain
do not take with other pain or allergy treatments, including topical
ADR: dry mouth, blurry vision, constipation
tolerance to drowsiness builds within 1-2 weeks but ADR remains
sedative hypnotics
drugs that can act as a sedative to reduce anxiety, hypnotics to help the pt fall
asleep/stay asleep, or both. the difference lies in the way each one acts on the body
hypnotics
a class of drugs related to benzodiazepines, called the benzodiazepine-like drugs. Also
called _______.
eszopiclone
Lunesta: hypnotic used to treat insomnia.
anyone who has slept walked or drove should not take this med
