MED 118: CHAPTER 13. AN ULTIMATE A+ QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN
Cardiac Output calculation
Cardiac Output (CO)= Heart Rate (HR) * Stroke Volume (SV)
3 major components of the Cardiovascular System
1. The heart- the pump that actively moves blood through-out the system
2. The blood- carries nutrients, including oxygen and waste
3. The vessels- which we break into three categories (distribution, exchange vessels,
collection vessels)
Distribution vessels
such as the high-pressure arteries that dole out blood to the various areas of the body
Exchange vessels
the capillaries that move nutrients back and forth between tissues and the blood
Collection vessels
veins that hold blood and return it to the heart
Cardiovascular system aka circulatory system is where the heart and vessels
work together to:
-Transport and distribute nutrients and oxygen in tissues
-Remove waste and products of metabolism
-Maintain homeostasis or a balanced environment by managing the body's temperature,
immune system, and communication through hormones
The blood lands in various areas of the body, with the majority being where?
What percentage?
systemic circulation, 80%
What are the four major components contained in the blood?
-white blood cells that are important to the immune system
-red blood cells for transport
-platelets for clotting
-plasma
What can raise or lower heart rate?
, many medications
If the cardiac output is too low, what happens?
there is not enough blood flow to oxygenate tissues
if the cardiac output is too high, what is the outcome?
the heart may be trying to compensate for other tissues
What is used to measure BP?
pressure cuff
Measurement of both _________ and __________ pressures allows us to see how
the cardiovascular system is working at a given time
systolic, diastolic
The top number of the BP is the what?
systolic
The bottom number of the BP is the what?
diastolic
Systolic
measures pressure during heart contraction
Diastolic
measures times between heart beats when coronary arteries resupply the heart with
blood
Diuretics
a class of medications that play a very important role in maintaining a hemodynamic
balance in cardiovascular patients
What are the three primary parts of the kidney processes?
1. Filtration
2. Reabsorption
3. Active secretion
An osmotic diuretic helps control?
Brain swelling
Filtration
provides a cleaning and filtering of extracellular fluids
Reabsorption
AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN
Cardiac Output calculation
Cardiac Output (CO)= Heart Rate (HR) * Stroke Volume (SV)
3 major components of the Cardiovascular System
1. The heart- the pump that actively moves blood through-out the system
2. The blood- carries nutrients, including oxygen and waste
3. The vessels- which we break into three categories (distribution, exchange vessels,
collection vessels)
Distribution vessels
such as the high-pressure arteries that dole out blood to the various areas of the body
Exchange vessels
the capillaries that move nutrients back and forth between tissues and the blood
Collection vessels
veins that hold blood and return it to the heart
Cardiovascular system aka circulatory system is where the heart and vessels
work together to:
-Transport and distribute nutrients and oxygen in tissues
-Remove waste and products of metabolism
-Maintain homeostasis or a balanced environment by managing the body's temperature,
immune system, and communication through hormones
The blood lands in various areas of the body, with the majority being where?
What percentage?
systemic circulation, 80%
What are the four major components contained in the blood?
-white blood cells that are important to the immune system
-red blood cells for transport
-platelets for clotting
-plasma
What can raise or lower heart rate?
, many medications
If the cardiac output is too low, what happens?
there is not enough blood flow to oxygenate tissues
if the cardiac output is too high, what is the outcome?
the heart may be trying to compensate for other tissues
What is used to measure BP?
pressure cuff
Measurement of both _________ and __________ pressures allows us to see how
the cardiovascular system is working at a given time
systolic, diastolic
The top number of the BP is the what?
systolic
The bottom number of the BP is the what?
diastolic
Systolic
measures pressure during heart contraction
Diastolic
measures times between heart beats when coronary arteries resupply the heart with
blood
Diuretics
a class of medications that play a very important role in maintaining a hemodynamic
balance in cardiovascular patients
What are the three primary parts of the kidney processes?
1. Filtration
2. Reabsorption
3. Active secretion
An osmotic diuretic helps control?
Brain swelling
Filtration
provides a cleaning and filtering of extracellular fluids
Reabsorption
