CPACC EXAMS: A+ GUIDE WITH THE LATEST QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Recognizable disabilities
disabilities that are immediately obvious (blindness or other physical characteristics)
Hidden disabilities
disabilities that are not immediately obvious (deafness, learning disabilities, seizures)
Temporary disability
when an injury or surgery reduces a person's mobility
Age-related disabilities
Hearing, cognitive, motor or vision
Print disabilities
People who are blind can't read printed materials like signs on buildings
Assistive technologies
wheelchair, hearing aid, screen readers, canes, glasses and contacts
Assistive technology for blindness
Screen readers and refreshable braille devices
Assistive technology for low vision
Screen enlargers and screen readers
Assistive technology for color blindness
Color enhancements overlays or glasses
Assistive technologies for deafness
Captions and transcripts
Assistive technologies for motor/mobility issues
Head wand, mouth stick, alternative keyboard, eye gaze tracking, or voice activation
Assistive technologies for cognitive disabilities
screen readers, screen overlay, augmentative communication aids
Medical Model
Defines disability in terms of biological impairments
Medical Model strengths
, Helps determine who can receive government assistance, also points to a specific
biological condition that places an individual at a disadvantage compared to the rest of
the population
Medical Model weaknesses
Overlooks impact of design decisions, requirement to prove disability
Social Model
Points out that society creates disabling conditions. More inclusive design can remove
many of the barriers.
Social Model strengths
Inclusive design can require more creative thinking but can often benefit everyone
Social Model weaknesses
Can de-emphasize the physical reality of a disability too much
Biophsycosocial Model
recognizes that disabilities are complex and multifaceted concepts and incorporates the
perspectives of the medical and social models
Economic Model
Views disabilities from the economic disability on individuals, employers and state
welfare programs
Functional Solutions Model
Identifies the functional impairments and limitations that are a result of disabilities and
seeks solutions to eradicate these limitations through technology or methodology
Social Identity or Cultural Affiliation Model
People with disabilities may develop a sense of personal identity through being around
others who share similar life experiences based on their disability. Together, the group
develops a sense of culture based on these shared experiences.
Charity Model
Treats disabilities as tragic conditions worthy of special treatment, setting up an unequal
power balance.
Affirmation Model
Similar to social identity model. Encourages people to affirm their identity and feel
comfortable in their own skin.
AND ANSWERS
Recognizable disabilities
disabilities that are immediately obvious (blindness or other physical characteristics)
Hidden disabilities
disabilities that are not immediately obvious (deafness, learning disabilities, seizures)
Temporary disability
when an injury or surgery reduces a person's mobility
Age-related disabilities
Hearing, cognitive, motor or vision
Print disabilities
People who are blind can't read printed materials like signs on buildings
Assistive technologies
wheelchair, hearing aid, screen readers, canes, glasses and contacts
Assistive technology for blindness
Screen readers and refreshable braille devices
Assistive technology for low vision
Screen enlargers and screen readers
Assistive technology for color blindness
Color enhancements overlays or glasses
Assistive technologies for deafness
Captions and transcripts
Assistive technologies for motor/mobility issues
Head wand, mouth stick, alternative keyboard, eye gaze tracking, or voice activation
Assistive technologies for cognitive disabilities
screen readers, screen overlay, augmentative communication aids
Medical Model
Defines disability in terms of biological impairments
Medical Model strengths
, Helps determine who can receive government assistance, also points to a specific
biological condition that places an individual at a disadvantage compared to the rest of
the population
Medical Model weaknesses
Overlooks impact of design decisions, requirement to prove disability
Social Model
Points out that society creates disabling conditions. More inclusive design can remove
many of the barriers.
Social Model strengths
Inclusive design can require more creative thinking but can often benefit everyone
Social Model weaknesses
Can de-emphasize the physical reality of a disability too much
Biophsycosocial Model
recognizes that disabilities are complex and multifaceted concepts and incorporates the
perspectives of the medical and social models
Economic Model
Views disabilities from the economic disability on individuals, employers and state
welfare programs
Functional Solutions Model
Identifies the functional impairments and limitations that are a result of disabilities and
seeks solutions to eradicate these limitations through technology or methodology
Social Identity or Cultural Affiliation Model
People with disabilities may develop a sense of personal identity through being around
others who share similar life experiences based on their disability. Together, the group
develops a sense of culture based on these shared experiences.
Charity Model
Treats disabilities as tragic conditions worthy of special treatment, setting up an unequal
power balance.
Affirmation Model
Similar to social identity model. Encourages people to affirm their identity and feel
comfortable in their own skin.
