IAAP CPACC EXAMS: A+ GUIDE WITH THE LATEST
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
How does the World Health Organization define autism spectrum disorders
(ASD)?
a group of complex brain development disorders
What are the two main criteria for diagnosing autism spectrum disorders in the
DSM-5?
1. Restrictions in social communication and social interaction. The deficits must be
present in different contexts, such as at home as well as in school or at work. This could
present as difficulty engaging in conversations or making friends.
2. Repetitive behaviors such as following strict routines or making repetitive
movements.
To make an autism diagnosis, what must the symptoms must have?
significant consequences for functioning in social settings, work or school and have
occurred during the developmental period (present since childhood) and not be better
explained by other conditions
Autism can be present with and without what type of disability?
intellectual disability
What are sensory issues in autism?
Sensitivity to sound, smell, and light.
What communication difficulties do people with autism face?
Difficulties with verbal and non-verbal communication, including understanding or using
facial expressions, gestures, and language.
What challenges do people with autism face in social interactions?
Challenges in recognizing other people's emotions and intentions and expressing their
own emotions.
How do people with autism typically feel in social situations?
They may feel overwhelmed.
Approximately what ratio of people are affected by autism?
1 in 100
,How is Nonverbal Learning Disability (NLD) is very much like Asperger Syndrome
(AS)?
People with the syndrome have normal intelligence and language development but
have trouble with social skills, sensory input, and making transitions. AS and NLD are
generally thought to describe the same kind of disorder but differ in severity, with AS
describing more severe symptoms.
Studies estimate that around what ratio/percent, of children in the United States
may have NLD
1 in 100, or 1%
Nonverbal learning disability and gender
It tends to affect boys and girls about equally.
8 Barriers for People with Cognitive Disabilities in the context of web accessibility
1. Finding important information
2. Filling out forms
3. Managing passwords
4. Understanding information
5. Understanding and using controls
6. Keeping focused
7. Information overload, caused by cluttered design or too many text elements
8. Time-outs that cause stress and make it difficult to plan
5 General Accessibility Solutions for People with Cognitive Disabilities
1. Allow adequate time to prepare for tasks and take in new information
2. In communications: check for understanding and give feedback
3. Minimize background noises to support concentration e.g. while completing a task or
communicating
4. Provide structure and clear instructions in education and work environments
5. Use plain language or easy-to-read
4. Physical Environment Accessibility Solutions for People with Cognitive
Disabilities
1. Key rooms or spaces are designed to be easy to find
2. Design of accessible routes is simple and intuitive
, 3. Signage should be large and clear, easy to understand and in plain language
4. Wayfinding should be simple with tactile, graphic, audible or architectural cues that
are easy to follow
6 ICT Environment Accessibility Solutions for People with Cognitive Disabilities
1. Simplified content
2. Simplified distraction-free interfaces
3. Provide information through different means - text, audio, images
4. Allow adequate time to complete tasks
5. Highlight information that is most important for the user
6. Enable personalized settings (e.g. for layout, time management, content)
5 Attention and focusing assistive technology and adaptive strategies for
cognitive disabilities
1. Computer-based prompting applications to assist with staying on task
2. Productivity apps for organizing tasks
3. To-do lists
4. Time management apps
5. Task management apps for breaking down tasks into steps
5 Memory assistive technology and adaptive strategies for cognitive disabilities
1. Audio prompting devices to assist with memory
2. Auto-complete for web-based forms
3. Password managers
4. Audio note-takers and reminders
5.Apps/technology providing cues for actions
Perceptual functions assistive technology and adaptive strategies for cognitive
disabilities
Direction-finding applications
2 Emotional functions assistive technology and adaptive strategies for cognitive
disabilities
Apps for mindfulness and to reduce stress
Apps for anxiety management and coping strategies
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
How does the World Health Organization define autism spectrum disorders
(ASD)?
a group of complex brain development disorders
What are the two main criteria for diagnosing autism spectrum disorders in the
DSM-5?
1. Restrictions in social communication and social interaction. The deficits must be
present in different contexts, such as at home as well as in school or at work. This could
present as difficulty engaging in conversations or making friends.
2. Repetitive behaviors such as following strict routines or making repetitive
movements.
To make an autism diagnosis, what must the symptoms must have?
significant consequences for functioning in social settings, work or school and have
occurred during the developmental period (present since childhood) and not be better
explained by other conditions
Autism can be present with and without what type of disability?
intellectual disability
What are sensory issues in autism?
Sensitivity to sound, smell, and light.
What communication difficulties do people with autism face?
Difficulties with verbal and non-verbal communication, including understanding or using
facial expressions, gestures, and language.
What challenges do people with autism face in social interactions?
Challenges in recognizing other people's emotions and intentions and expressing their
own emotions.
How do people with autism typically feel in social situations?
They may feel overwhelmed.
Approximately what ratio of people are affected by autism?
1 in 100
,How is Nonverbal Learning Disability (NLD) is very much like Asperger Syndrome
(AS)?
People with the syndrome have normal intelligence and language development but
have trouble with social skills, sensory input, and making transitions. AS and NLD are
generally thought to describe the same kind of disorder but differ in severity, with AS
describing more severe symptoms.
Studies estimate that around what ratio/percent, of children in the United States
may have NLD
1 in 100, or 1%
Nonverbal learning disability and gender
It tends to affect boys and girls about equally.
8 Barriers for People with Cognitive Disabilities in the context of web accessibility
1. Finding important information
2. Filling out forms
3. Managing passwords
4. Understanding information
5. Understanding and using controls
6. Keeping focused
7. Information overload, caused by cluttered design or too many text elements
8. Time-outs that cause stress and make it difficult to plan
5 General Accessibility Solutions for People with Cognitive Disabilities
1. Allow adequate time to prepare for tasks and take in new information
2. In communications: check for understanding and give feedback
3. Minimize background noises to support concentration e.g. while completing a task or
communicating
4. Provide structure and clear instructions in education and work environments
5. Use plain language or easy-to-read
4. Physical Environment Accessibility Solutions for People with Cognitive
Disabilities
1. Key rooms or spaces are designed to be easy to find
2. Design of accessible routes is simple and intuitive
, 3. Signage should be large and clear, easy to understand and in plain language
4. Wayfinding should be simple with tactile, graphic, audible or architectural cues that
are easy to follow
6 ICT Environment Accessibility Solutions for People with Cognitive Disabilities
1. Simplified content
2. Simplified distraction-free interfaces
3. Provide information through different means - text, audio, images
4. Allow adequate time to complete tasks
5. Highlight information that is most important for the user
6. Enable personalized settings (e.g. for layout, time management, content)
5 Attention and focusing assistive technology and adaptive strategies for
cognitive disabilities
1. Computer-based prompting applications to assist with staying on task
2. Productivity apps for organizing tasks
3. To-do lists
4. Time management apps
5. Task management apps for breaking down tasks into steps
5 Memory assistive technology and adaptive strategies for cognitive disabilities
1. Audio prompting devices to assist with memory
2. Auto-complete for web-based forms
3. Password managers
4. Audio note-takers and reminders
5.Apps/technology providing cues for actions
Perceptual functions assistive technology and adaptive strategies for cognitive
disabilities
Direction-finding applications
2 Emotional functions assistive technology and adaptive strategies for cognitive
disabilities
Apps for mindfulness and to reduce stress
Apps for anxiety management and coping strategies
