CPACC 2024 EXAM: A+ GUIDE WITH THE LATEST
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Universal design 7 principles
Equitable use,
Flexibility in use,
Simple & intuitive use,
Perceptible information,
Tolerance for error,
Low physical effort, and
Size & space for approach and use.
Accessibility Principles for ICT (WCAG)
POUR!!
perceivable: broadening the sensory experiences to include sight, sound, and touch,
operable: all interactive components and navigation are navigable and usable,
understandable: content, component functionality, and design are easy to understand,
and
robust: content & functionality is compatible with a variety of browsers, devices, and
assistive technologies.
Three indirect/direct conventions and treaties from the UN paved the way for
other related works in the future.
1948 UDHR 》 2006/2008 CRPD》2013/2016 MVT
1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
Adopted in 1948, post-WWII, in Paris.
Contains 30 articles covering life, liberty, equality, and social, cultural, and economic
rights.
2. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN CRPD)
Adopted in 2006, effective in 2008.
Signed by 163 countries, ratified by 181.
,Contains 50 articles addressing disability rights in communication, health care,
accessibility, assistive technologies, independent living, and participation in various
societal activities.
Incorporates ICT, assistive technology, accessibility, and universal design.
3. Marrakesh Treaty (MVT)
Adopted on June 27, 2013, effective September 30, 2016.
Allows text conversion into accessible formats (e.g., braille, audio) for the blind, visually
impaired, and print-disabled without violating copyright.
Developed by WIPO, a specialized UN agency.
Less than 10% of global publications are available in accessible formats.
Name some A11Y industry law names
Telecommunications Act, Section 255: requires accessibility of telephones, computers,
or other telecommunication devices
21st Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act (CVAA): requires more
complex technologies, like streaming media, video chat, VoIP, text messaging
(expansion of Telecommunications Act) to be accessible
Air Carrier Access Act (U.S.): air carriers in US must accommodate physical needs and
virtual access for people with disabilities
2 main Procurement Laws in A11Y
1. United States: Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act
1998: Digital-related content introduced.
Scope: Targets U.S. federal government and its partnering companies or suppliers with
binding legal force.
Key Features:
Predates the CRPD (Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities) by many
years.
Focuses on digital accessibility requirements.
, 2. European Union: EN 301 549 "Accessibility requirements for public procurement of
ICT products and services in Europe"
2014: First edition published.
Scope: Affects public institutions across EU countries, but enforcement varies by nation.
Purpose: ICT products/services for public procurement must comply with accessibility
standards.
Civil rights laws in US
1964（Civil Rights Act）→1973（Rehabilitation Act）→1990（ADA）
1.Civil Rights Act (1964, 1991)
1964: Ended discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin but
excluded disability rights.
1991: Strengthened workplace anti-discrimination protections.
2.Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Section 504
First law protecting disability rights, focusing on federally funded activities (e.g.,
education, employment).
Prohibited disability-based discrimination in government-supported programs.
3.Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA, 1990)
Mandated public accessibility for people with disabilities.
Signed when the internet was in its infancy, with fewer than one website globally.
Updated to address digital and public accommodations.
Civil rights laws in other Canada, UK, Japan
2005（AODA）→2010（EQA）→2013（EPDA）
Canada (Ontario - 2005): Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA)
United Kingdom (2010): Equality Act of 2010 (EQA), which replaced the Disability
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Universal design 7 principles
Equitable use,
Flexibility in use,
Simple & intuitive use,
Perceptible information,
Tolerance for error,
Low physical effort, and
Size & space for approach and use.
Accessibility Principles for ICT (WCAG)
POUR!!
perceivable: broadening the sensory experiences to include sight, sound, and touch,
operable: all interactive components and navigation are navigable and usable,
understandable: content, component functionality, and design are easy to understand,
and
robust: content & functionality is compatible with a variety of browsers, devices, and
assistive technologies.
Three indirect/direct conventions and treaties from the UN paved the way for
other related works in the future.
1948 UDHR 》 2006/2008 CRPD》2013/2016 MVT
1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
Adopted in 1948, post-WWII, in Paris.
Contains 30 articles covering life, liberty, equality, and social, cultural, and economic
rights.
2. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN CRPD)
Adopted in 2006, effective in 2008.
Signed by 163 countries, ratified by 181.
,Contains 50 articles addressing disability rights in communication, health care,
accessibility, assistive technologies, independent living, and participation in various
societal activities.
Incorporates ICT, assistive technology, accessibility, and universal design.
3. Marrakesh Treaty (MVT)
Adopted on June 27, 2013, effective September 30, 2016.
Allows text conversion into accessible formats (e.g., braille, audio) for the blind, visually
impaired, and print-disabled without violating copyright.
Developed by WIPO, a specialized UN agency.
Less than 10% of global publications are available in accessible formats.
Name some A11Y industry law names
Telecommunications Act, Section 255: requires accessibility of telephones, computers,
or other telecommunication devices
21st Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act (CVAA): requires more
complex technologies, like streaming media, video chat, VoIP, text messaging
(expansion of Telecommunications Act) to be accessible
Air Carrier Access Act (U.S.): air carriers in US must accommodate physical needs and
virtual access for people with disabilities
2 main Procurement Laws in A11Y
1. United States: Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act
1998: Digital-related content introduced.
Scope: Targets U.S. federal government and its partnering companies or suppliers with
binding legal force.
Key Features:
Predates the CRPD (Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities) by many
years.
Focuses on digital accessibility requirements.
, 2. European Union: EN 301 549 "Accessibility requirements for public procurement of
ICT products and services in Europe"
2014: First edition published.
Scope: Affects public institutions across EU countries, but enforcement varies by nation.
Purpose: ICT products/services for public procurement must comply with accessibility
standards.
Civil rights laws in US
1964（Civil Rights Act）→1973（Rehabilitation Act）→1990（ADA）
1.Civil Rights Act (1964, 1991)
1964: Ended discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin but
excluded disability rights.
1991: Strengthened workplace anti-discrimination protections.
2.Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Section 504
First law protecting disability rights, focusing on federally funded activities (e.g.,
education, employment).
Prohibited disability-based discrimination in government-supported programs.
3.Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA, 1990)
Mandated public accessibility for people with disabilities.
Signed when the internet was in its infancy, with fewer than one website globally.
Updated to address digital and public accommodations.
Civil rights laws in other Canada, UK, Japan
2005（AODA）→2010（EQA）→2013（EPDA）
Canada (Ontario - 2005): Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA)
United Kingdom (2010): Equality Act of 2010 (EQA), which replaced the Disability
