ACING EAPS 100, EXAM 2 WITH ESSENTIAL A+
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Several factors that cause Salinity to vary
1. Process removes large amount of freshwater from seawater and increases Salinity:
-Evaporation
-Formation of sea ice
2. Process adds large amounts of freshwater to seawater and decreases Salinity:
-Precipitation
-Runoff from land
-Ice melting
Explain how deep-ocean trenches are related to plate boundaries
1. Deep-ocean trenches: long, narrow troughs that are the deepest parts of the ocean
2. Trenches are the sites of plate convergence where slabs of oceanic lithosphere subduct
Why are abyssal plains more extensive on the floor of the Atlantic than the Pacific?
The Atlantic has fewer trenches to act as traps for sediment
How does a flat-topped seamount, (guyot), form?
1. Inactive volcanic islands gradually are lowered to near sea level
2. A moving plate slowly carries volcanic islands away from elevated oceanic-ridge
3. They then sink and disappear below the surface
How oceanic ridges differ from mountains
1. Form from upwelling where the mantle generates new oceanic crust
2. Contains rift valleys (deep-faulted structures)
How does data from the seafloor help scientists study past climates?
Because core of sediments contain remains of past organisms who lived in previous climates
How do ocean currents influence climate?
, When currents from low-latitude regions move to higher latitudes, they transfer heat from
warmer to cooler areas on earth
Describe coastal upwelling and why is there abundant marine life in these areas?
1. Coastal upwelling: occurs when winds blow toward the equator and parallel to the coast
2. Upwelling brings more nutrients to the ocean surface, which promotes growth of microscopic
plankton, which allows more populations of fish and other marine life
Process of wave's height, speed, and length as it moves to shallow water and breaks
The speed and length diminishes as the wave grows higher until its to steep and it eventually
breaks
Why do waves approaching the shoreline often bend?
Waves move toward the shore at an angle and when they reach shallow water, they bend and
become parallel to the shore
Marine terrace
Formed when a wave-cut platform is uplifted above sea level by tectonic plates
Sea arch
When two caves on opposite sides of a headline unite
Sea Stack
When the sea arch falls
Spit
Elongated ridge of sand that projects from the land into the mouth of the adjacent bay
Baymouth Bar
a sandbar that completely crosses a bay, sealing it off form the open ocean
Tombolo
a ridge of sand that connects an island to the mainland or to another island
Estuaries are associated with submergent coasts because:
1. Estuaries: a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or
streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea
2. Submergent coasts are created when sea levels rise and the sea level is rising steadily
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Several factors that cause Salinity to vary
1. Process removes large amount of freshwater from seawater and increases Salinity:
-Evaporation
-Formation of sea ice
2. Process adds large amounts of freshwater to seawater and decreases Salinity:
-Precipitation
-Runoff from land
-Ice melting
Explain how deep-ocean trenches are related to plate boundaries
1. Deep-ocean trenches: long, narrow troughs that are the deepest parts of the ocean
2. Trenches are the sites of plate convergence where slabs of oceanic lithosphere subduct
Why are abyssal plains more extensive on the floor of the Atlantic than the Pacific?
The Atlantic has fewer trenches to act as traps for sediment
How does a flat-topped seamount, (guyot), form?
1. Inactive volcanic islands gradually are lowered to near sea level
2. A moving plate slowly carries volcanic islands away from elevated oceanic-ridge
3. They then sink and disappear below the surface
How oceanic ridges differ from mountains
1. Form from upwelling where the mantle generates new oceanic crust
2. Contains rift valleys (deep-faulted structures)
How does data from the seafloor help scientists study past climates?
Because core of sediments contain remains of past organisms who lived in previous climates
How do ocean currents influence climate?
, When currents from low-latitude regions move to higher latitudes, they transfer heat from
warmer to cooler areas on earth
Describe coastal upwelling and why is there abundant marine life in these areas?
1. Coastal upwelling: occurs when winds blow toward the equator and parallel to the coast
2. Upwelling brings more nutrients to the ocean surface, which promotes growth of microscopic
plankton, which allows more populations of fish and other marine life
Process of wave's height, speed, and length as it moves to shallow water and breaks
The speed and length diminishes as the wave grows higher until its to steep and it eventually
breaks
Why do waves approaching the shoreline often bend?
Waves move toward the shore at an angle and when they reach shallow water, they bend and
become parallel to the shore
Marine terrace
Formed when a wave-cut platform is uplifted above sea level by tectonic plates
Sea arch
When two caves on opposite sides of a headline unite
Sea Stack
When the sea arch falls
Spit
Elongated ridge of sand that projects from the land into the mouth of the adjacent bay
Baymouth Bar
a sandbar that completely crosses a bay, sealing it off form the open ocean
Tombolo
a ridge of sand that connects an island to the mainland or to another island
Estuaries are associated with submergent coasts because:
1. Estuaries: a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or
streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea
2. Submergent coasts are created when sea levels rise and the sea level is rising steadily
