Examl 4:l NSGl 3100l /l NSGl 3100l (Newl
2025/l 2026l Update)l Fundamentall
Conceptsl &l Skillsl forl Nursingl Practicel Il
Review|l Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l
100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l Galen
QUESTION
definel renin-angiotensin-aldosteronel system
Answer:
regulatesl bloodl pressurel andl fluidl balancel throughl vasoconstrictionl andl excretionl orl
reabsorptionl ofl sodium
QUESTION
whatl doesl thel antidiureticl hormonel do
Answer:
helpsl bloodl vesselsl constrictl andl helpsl thel kidneysl controll thel amountl ofl waterl andl
saltl inl thel body
QUESTION
Ifl al patient'sl albuminl isl low,l whatl willl thel nursel findl whenl assessingl thel patient?
Answer:
thel patientl willl havel generalizedl 3+l pittingl edema.l
>l Thisl isl duel tol oncoticl pressurel (plasmal proteinsl arel tool largel tol passl throughl thel
capillaryl membrane,l sol theyl holdl thel fluidl inl thel intravascularl space)l causingl edema
,QUESTION
Whatl arel thel levelsl ofl sodium?l whatl isl itl regulatedl by?l Wherel canl youl findl sodium?
Answer:
136-145
regulatedl byl secretionl ofl aldosteronel andl ANP
food:l bread,l cereal,l cheese,l cannedl food
QUESTION
Whatl arel thel levelsl ofl potassium?l whatl isl itl regulatedl by?l wherel canl youl findl it?
Answer:
3.5-5
regulatedl byl thel kidneysl throughl reabsorptionl orl excretion
food:l fish,l wholel grains,l darkl greenl leafyl veggies,l nuts,l wholel grains
QUESTION
Whatl arel thel levelsl ofl calcium?l whatl isl itl regulatedl by?l wherel canl youl findl it?
Answer:
9-10.5
regulatedl byl thel parathyroidl hormone;l asl seruml calciuml levelsl drop,l thel parathyroidl
hormonel andl calcitrioll pulll calciuml froml thel bonesl tol maintainl normall levels.l
food:l cheese,l milk,l yogurt,l spinach,l tofu,l cannedl salmon
QUESTION
Whatl arel thel levelsl ofl magnesium?l whatl isl itl regulatedl by?l wherel canl youl findl
magnesium?
Answer:
, 1.3-2.1
regulatedl byl thel kidneysl byl reabsorptionl orl excretion
food:l cashews,l halibut,l darkl greenl leafyl veggies,l tofu,l driedl fruit
QUESTION
Whatl arel thel levelsl ofl chloride?l whatl isl itl regulatedl by?l wherel canl youl findl it?
Answer:
98-106
homeostasisl maintainedl similarl tol sodium;l wherel sodiuml goes,l chloridel alsol goes
food:l seaweed,l tomatoes,l celery,l olives
QUESTION
Whatl arel thel levelsl ofl phosphate?l whatl isl itl regulatedl by?l wherel canl youl findl it?
Answer:
3-4.5
parathyroidl hormonel increasesl excretionl byl thel kidneys;l phosphatel andl calciuml havel anl
inversel relationshipl
food:l milk,l meat,l nuts,l legumes,l andl grains
QUESTION
whatl arel somel examplesl ofl hypotonicl solutions?
Answer:
>l 0.33%l NSl (providesl Na,l Cl,l andl water)
>l 0.45%l NSl (fluidl replacementl forl ptsl whol havel hypernatremial and/orl dol notl needl
extral glucose)
QUESTION
2025/l 2026l Update)l Fundamentall
Conceptsl &l Skillsl forl Nursingl Practicel Il
Review|l Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l
100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l Galen
QUESTION
definel renin-angiotensin-aldosteronel system
Answer:
regulatesl bloodl pressurel andl fluidl balancel throughl vasoconstrictionl andl excretionl orl
reabsorptionl ofl sodium
QUESTION
whatl doesl thel antidiureticl hormonel do
Answer:
helpsl bloodl vesselsl constrictl andl helpsl thel kidneysl controll thel amountl ofl waterl andl
saltl inl thel body
QUESTION
Ifl al patient'sl albuminl isl low,l whatl willl thel nursel findl whenl assessingl thel patient?
Answer:
thel patientl willl havel generalizedl 3+l pittingl edema.l
>l Thisl isl duel tol oncoticl pressurel (plasmal proteinsl arel tool largel tol passl throughl thel
capillaryl membrane,l sol theyl holdl thel fluidl inl thel intravascularl space)l causingl edema
,QUESTION
Whatl arel thel levelsl ofl sodium?l whatl isl itl regulatedl by?l Wherel canl youl findl sodium?
Answer:
136-145
regulatedl byl secretionl ofl aldosteronel andl ANP
food:l bread,l cereal,l cheese,l cannedl food
QUESTION
Whatl arel thel levelsl ofl potassium?l whatl isl itl regulatedl by?l wherel canl youl findl it?
Answer:
3.5-5
regulatedl byl thel kidneysl throughl reabsorptionl orl excretion
food:l fish,l wholel grains,l darkl greenl leafyl veggies,l nuts,l wholel grains
QUESTION
Whatl arel thel levelsl ofl calcium?l whatl isl itl regulatedl by?l wherel canl youl findl it?
Answer:
9-10.5
regulatedl byl thel parathyroidl hormone;l asl seruml calciuml levelsl drop,l thel parathyroidl
hormonel andl calcitrioll pulll calciuml froml thel bonesl tol maintainl normall levels.l
food:l cheese,l milk,l yogurt,l spinach,l tofu,l cannedl salmon
QUESTION
Whatl arel thel levelsl ofl magnesium?l whatl isl itl regulatedl by?l wherel canl youl findl
magnesium?
Answer:
, 1.3-2.1
regulatedl byl thel kidneysl byl reabsorptionl orl excretion
food:l cashews,l halibut,l darkl greenl leafyl veggies,l tofu,l driedl fruit
QUESTION
Whatl arel thel levelsl ofl chloride?l whatl isl itl regulatedl by?l wherel canl youl findl it?
Answer:
98-106
homeostasisl maintainedl similarl tol sodium;l wherel sodiuml goes,l chloridel alsol goes
food:l seaweed,l tomatoes,l celery,l olives
QUESTION
Whatl arel thel levelsl ofl phosphate?l whatl isl itl regulatedl by?l wherel canl youl findl it?
Answer:
3-4.5
parathyroidl hormonel increasesl excretionl byl thel kidneys;l phosphatel andl calciuml havel anl
inversel relationshipl
food:l milk,l meat,l nuts,l legumes,l andl grains
QUESTION
whatl arel somel examplesl ofl hypotonicl solutions?
Answer:
>l 0.33%l NSl (providesl Na,l Cl,l andl water)
>l 0.45%l NSl (fluidl replacementl forl ptsl whol havel hypernatremial and/orl dol notl needl
extral glucose)
QUESTION
