Test Bank for Evolution, Making Sense Of Life, 2nd Revised Edition by Carl Zimmer, Prof. Douglas Emlen.

, TestbBank,bChapterb1

1. WhichbofbthebfollowingbisbNOTbanbexamplebofbevolution?

(a) Beakbsizebinbabpopulationbofbbirdsbbecomesblargerbfrombonebgenerationbtobt
hebnextbbecauseblargerbbeakedbbirdsbhadbhigherbreproductivebsuccessban
dbpassedbthebtraitbtobtheirboffspring
(b) Overblongbperiodsbofbtimebwhalesbgraduallyblostbtheirbhindlimbs
(c) Whenbtravelingbtobhighbaltitude,bhumanbphysiologybchangesbtob
accommodateblowerboxygenblevels
(d) Allbofbthebabovebarebexamplesbofbevolution

2. Thebflukebofbabwhalebandbthebflukebofbabshark:

(a) arebhomologousbtraits
(b) arosebthroughbconvergentbevolution
(c) arebthebresultbofbnaturalbselection
(d) bbandbcbarebcorrect
(e) allbarebcorrect

3. Mammarybglandsbinbwhalesbandbhumans:

(a) arebabsynapomorphybforbthesebspeciesbandbotherbmammals
(b) arebhomologousbtraits
(c) wereblikelybpresentbinbthebmostbrecentbcommonbancestorbofbhumansbandb
whales
(d) allbarebcorrect
(e) nonebarebcorrect

4. Basedbonbcurrentbfossilbevidence:

(a) whalesbwereblikelybfullybaquaticbbeforebtheybevolvedbpeg-
likebteethborbbaleen
(b) evolutionbofbbaleenbforcedbwhalesbtobbecomebfullybaquatic
(c) thebteethbofbextinctbwhalesbsuchbasbDorudonbwerebsimilarbtobthosebofbe
xtinctblandbmammals
(d) abandbcbarebcorrect
(e) bbandbcbarebcorrect

5. OnebimportantbfeaturebthatblinksbextinctborganismsbsuchbasbPakicetusband
Indohyusbtobcetaceansbis:

(a) thebshapebofbabbonebinbthebmiddlebear
(b) thebpresencebofbforelimbbflippers
(c) theblackbofbhindlegs
(d) peg-likebteeth

,6. Thebplacementbofbwhalesbwithinbthebartiodactylsbisbsupportedbby:

(a) morphologybofblimbbbonesb(e.g.bthebastragalus)binbextinctbwhales
(b) DNAbevidence
(c) thebfactbthatbsomebartiodactylsb(e.g.bhippos)bspendbabsignificantbamountbofbti
mebinbthebwater
(d) abandbbbarebcorrect
(e) allbofbthebabove

7. Frombexaminingbthebfossilbrecord,bscientistsbhavebpostulatedbthatblong-
termbhistoricbchangesbinbcetaceanbdiversitybdependedbon:

(a) changesbinbthebabundancebofbdiatoms,bonebofbtheirbmainbfoodbsources
(b) changesbinbthebabundancebofbdiatoms,bwhichbservebasbfoodbforb
animalsbthatbwerebpreyedbuponbbybcetaceans
(c) changesbinbseabtemperature
(d) risingbpollutionblevelsbinbthebocean
(e) changesbinbthebabundancebofborganismsbthatbpreybonbcetaceans

8. Whichbofbthebfollowingbwouldbexplainbwhybvirusesbsuchbasbinfluenzabevolvebsobr
apidly:

(a) theybhavebabhighbmutationbrate
(b) theybhavebabhighbreplicationbrate
(c) theybcanbundergobviralbreassortment
(d) nonebofbthebabove
(e) allbofbthebabove

9. Whichbofbthebfollowingbstatementsbisbaccuratebregardingbthebevolutionbofbdrugbr
esistancebinbabvirus:

(a) thebdrugbcausesbmutationsbinbthebvirusbthatbmakebitbresistant
(b) evenbbeforebthebdrugbisbadministered,bsomebvirionsbmightbbeb
resistant
(c) anbindividualbvirionbthatbisbexposedbtobthebdrugbwillbadaptbbybbecomingbr
esistant;bfuturebapplicationsbofbthebdrugbwillbbebineffectivebagainstbthisbvi
rion
(d) allbofbthebabove

10. Thebmolecularbclockbusedbtobdatebthebemergencebofbtheb2009bH1N1bstrainb
wouldbbebinaccuratebif:

(a) mutationsbarosebatbdifferentbratesbinbdifferentblineages
(b) thebmostbrecentbcommonbancestorbofbthebviralbstrainsbexistedblongbago
(c) thebmostbrecentbcommonbancestorbofbthebviralbstrainsbexistedbrecently
(d) nonebofbthebabove

, 11. Newbmutations:

(a) arebrandombwithbrespectbtobtheirbeffectsbonbfitness
(b) arebnecessarybforbnaturalbselectionbtobcausebevolutionarybchange
(c) arebrarebinbabpopulation
(d) abandbbbarebcorrect
(e) allbarebcorrect

12. Evolutionboccursbwhen:

(a) individualsbinbabpopulationbchangebinbresponsebtobthebenvironment
(b) thebaveragebvaluebofbtraitbinbabpopulationbchangesbfromboneb
generationbtobthebnext
(c) abandbbbarebbothbcorrect
(d) Neitherbaborbbbisbcorrect


Shortbanswer/essay.

1. Pleasebdescribebevidencebthreebpiecesbofbevidencebfoundbinbextantbcetaceansbt
hatbsupportsbthebideabthatbtheirbancestorsbhadbhindlimbs.

1. Duringbembryonicbdevelopmentbhindlimbbbudsbform,bbutbarebthenb
stopbgrowing.
2. Somebextantbwhalesbhavebabvestigialbpelvis,bwhichbonlybmakesbsensebi
fbtheirbancestorsbhadbhindlimbs.
3. DNAbevidencebshowsbthatbcetaceansbarebnestedbwithinbthebartiodact
yls.b Thebcommonbancestorbofbartiodactylsbwouldbhavebhadbhindlimb
s.

2. Describebhowbscientistsbusedbcarbonbisotopesbtobdeterminebwhetherbextinctb
whalesblikelybinhabitedbfreshwaterborbsaltwater.

Althoughbmostboxygenbatomsbhavebeightbneutrons,bsomeboxygenbisotopesbh
avebmoreb(e.g.b10).bSeawaterbhasbmoreboxygenbatomsbwithb10bneutronsb(hea
vy)bthanbfreshwater,bandbanimalsbthatblivebinbthebseabincorporatebmorebheavy
boxygenbintobtheirbbonesbthanbanimalsbthatblivebonbland.bThus,bbybmeasuring

bthebratiobofblightbtobheavyboxygenbinbthebbonesbofbfossilbwhales,b
andbcompari
ngbthisbtobratiosbfoundbinbextantborganismsbinhabitingbfreshwaterborbseawat
erbenvironments,bscientistsbwerebablebtobdeterminebwhetherbextinctbwhalesbl
ikelyblivedbinbthebseaborbthebland.