BIOL340 SPECIAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
Proton
positively charged particle; inside the nucleus; considerable weight compared to other
components of an atom
Neutron
neutrally charged particle; inside the nucleus; considerable weight compared to other
components of an atom
Electron
negatively charged particle; outside the nucleus; weighs significantly less than other
particles
Bohr Model
model of atomic structure; Electrons move around the nucleus in circular orbits with
energy. Energy in each orbit is quantized.
Atomic Weight
the number of protons plus the number of neutrons; under the atomic symbol
Atomic Number
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; above the atomic symbol
electron configuration
the arrangement of electrons in an atom; different energy levels per shell
how many electrons are in the first shell?
,2
how many electrons can be in shells 2 and 3?
8
how many electrons can be in shells 4, 5, and 6?
18, though there are some exceptions
electron shells (energy levels)
the shell with the lowest level is the innermost shell; outermost has the highest energy
level
what determines an atoms tendency to react?
the amount of the electrons in the atom's outer shell
What are the elements of life?
CHONPS
CHONPS
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur
What is nitrogen's symbol, atomic #, and atomic weight?
How many bonds does it typically have?
N, 7, 14.01
3 bonds
What is Phosphorus' symbol, atomic #, and atomic weight?
How many bonds does it typically have?
P, 15, 30.97
5 bonds
, What is Sulfur's symbol, atomic #, and atomic weight?
How many bonds does it typically have?
S, 16, 32.066
2 bonds
isotope notation
bonding capacity
atom's valence, usually the number of bonds an element can make, = # of unpaired e-
required to complete valence shell.
It's the maximum number of single. covalent bonds that an atom can form.
ionic bonds
Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another; gaining
or losing an electron when giving it to or receiving it from another atom
the positive and negative charges are attracted to each other and form an overall stable
molecule.
Examples:
LiF - Lithium Fluoride.
LiCl - Lithium Chloride.
LiBr - Lithium Bromide.
LiI - Lithium Iodide.
NaF - Sodium Fluoride.
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
Proton
positively charged particle; inside the nucleus; considerable weight compared to other
components of an atom
Neutron
neutrally charged particle; inside the nucleus; considerable weight compared to other
components of an atom
Electron
negatively charged particle; outside the nucleus; weighs significantly less than other
particles
Bohr Model
model of atomic structure; Electrons move around the nucleus in circular orbits with
energy. Energy in each orbit is quantized.
Atomic Weight
the number of protons plus the number of neutrons; under the atomic symbol
Atomic Number
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; above the atomic symbol
electron configuration
the arrangement of electrons in an atom; different energy levels per shell
how many electrons are in the first shell?
,2
how many electrons can be in shells 2 and 3?
8
how many electrons can be in shells 4, 5, and 6?
18, though there are some exceptions
electron shells (energy levels)
the shell with the lowest level is the innermost shell; outermost has the highest energy
level
what determines an atoms tendency to react?
the amount of the electrons in the atom's outer shell
What are the elements of life?
CHONPS
CHONPS
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur
What is nitrogen's symbol, atomic #, and atomic weight?
How many bonds does it typically have?
N, 7, 14.01
3 bonds
What is Phosphorus' symbol, atomic #, and atomic weight?
How many bonds does it typically have?
P, 15, 30.97
5 bonds
, What is Sulfur's symbol, atomic #, and atomic weight?
How many bonds does it typically have?
S, 16, 32.066
2 bonds
isotope notation
bonding capacity
atom's valence, usually the number of bonds an element can make, = # of unpaired e-
required to complete valence shell.
It's the maximum number of single. covalent bonds that an atom can form.
ionic bonds
Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another; gaining
or losing an electron when giving it to or receiving it from another atom
the positive and negative charges are attracted to each other and form an overall stable
molecule.
Examples:
LiF - Lithium Fluoride.
LiCl - Lithium Chloride.
LiBr - Lithium Bromide.
LiI - Lithium Iodide.
NaF - Sodium Fluoride.
