BIOL4004 WEEK 4 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE

BIOL4004 WEEK 4 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE Passive transport When a molecule moves across a membrane through a transporter or channel without the use of energy Optogenetics A technique using focused blue light to depolarize a specific neuron expressing a channelrhodopsin derivative Membrane potential The voltage difference across a membrane created by electrochemical gradients Aquaporins Channels that use a hydrogen bond relay mechanism to specifically pass water molecules (excluding ions) Selectivity filter Determines which ion(s) may pass through a channel based on size, charge, and amino acid contacts Symporters Transporters that move two solutes in the same direction across a membrane Active transport Using energy to move a solute across a membrane 'uphill' against the electrochemical gradient Voltage-gated channels Channels that open and close in response to changes in the electrochemical gradient across a membrane Channel Create a continuous hydrophilic pore across a membrane Action potential Rapid depolarization and repolarization of the plasma membrane due to the flow of ions through voltage-gated channels, the basis of neural transmission Uniporter Move a single type of molecule across a membrane