BIOL4004 WEEK 7 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST
UPDATE
Hedgehog pathway
Components of this signaling pathway are held in close proximity due to their
localization in the primary cilium.
Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)
Transmembrane proteins with encoded or associated kinase activity; ligand binding
induces dimerization that brings the kinase domains together to activate them.
Src homology 2 (SH2) domains
Sequence in an intracellular signaling protein that binds to phosphotyrosines on the
cytosolic tail of a receptor.
PI 3-kinase
The enzyme that phosphorylates inositol phospholipids at the 3 carbon position in the
inositol ring head group.
Autocrine signaling
When a cell responds to a signal it produces because it expresses the receptor
Paracrine signaling
Short-range, limited diffusion of a signal molecule affects nearby cells that express the
receptor.
, SMADs
Latent transcriptional regulatory proteins activated by transforming growth factor-β
(TGFβ) signaling.
Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains
Protein domain used by intracellular signaling proteins to dock at PIP3 in the
membrane.
Protein Kinase C
A kinase that is activated by increased Ca2+
Phospholipase C- (PLC-)
Acts on the phosphoinositide PI(4,5,)2 to produce IP3 (inositol 1,3,5-trisphosphate) and
diacylglycerol.
Wnt pathway
This signaling pathway triggers dissociation of the "destruction complex", stabilizing -
catenin which transfers to the nucleus where it regulates transcription.
Calmodulin
A Ca2+ binding protein without enzymatic activity that activates target proteins
(including kinases) to produce a cellular response to increased cytosolic Ca2+
Ras
A small, plasma membrane-anchored GTPase that uses the adaptor protein Grb2 to
respond to receptor tyrosine kinase activation.
JAK-STAT
Cytokine receptors are associated with this kinase and transcription factor that transmit
their intracellular signal
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST
UPDATE
Hedgehog pathway
Components of this signaling pathway are held in close proximity due to their
localization in the primary cilium.
Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)
Transmembrane proteins with encoded or associated kinase activity; ligand binding
induces dimerization that brings the kinase domains together to activate them.
Src homology 2 (SH2) domains
Sequence in an intracellular signaling protein that binds to phosphotyrosines on the
cytosolic tail of a receptor.
PI 3-kinase
The enzyme that phosphorylates inositol phospholipids at the 3 carbon position in the
inositol ring head group.
Autocrine signaling
When a cell responds to a signal it produces because it expresses the receptor
Paracrine signaling
Short-range, limited diffusion of a signal molecule affects nearby cells that express the
receptor.
, SMADs
Latent transcriptional regulatory proteins activated by transforming growth factor-β
(TGFβ) signaling.
Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains
Protein domain used by intracellular signaling proteins to dock at PIP3 in the
membrane.
Protein Kinase C
A kinase that is activated by increased Ca2+
Phospholipase C- (PLC-)
Acts on the phosphoinositide PI(4,5,)2 to produce IP3 (inositol 1,3,5-trisphosphate) and
diacylglycerol.
Wnt pathway
This signaling pathway triggers dissociation of the "destruction complex", stabilizing -
catenin which transfers to the nucleus where it regulates transcription.
Calmodulin
A Ca2+ binding protein without enzymatic activity that activates target proteins
(including kinases) to produce a cellular response to increased cytosolic Ca2+
Ras
A small, plasma membrane-anchored GTPase that uses the adaptor protein Grb2 to
respond to receptor tyrosine kinase activation.
JAK-STAT
Cytokine receptors are associated with this kinase and transcription factor that transmit
their intracellular signal
