BIOB51 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Gene control region
Upstream section of DNA that includes the promoter region and other regulatory
sequences which influences the transcription of DNA
Repressor
A protein that binds to a sequence of DNA or RNA and inhibits the expression of 1+
genes
Transcription factor
A protein that binds to specific DNA sequences and acts like a light switch by turning all
the sequences on or off simultaneously
Complex adaptation
- Suite of coexpressed traits
- Experiene selection for a common function
- Multiple components must be expressed together for the trait to function
Pleiotropic genes
Capable of carrying out >1 function are especially likely to take on new functions if
duplicated
Paralog
A homologous gene that arises by gene duplication
Gene recruitment
, The co-option of a gene or network for a novel function as a result of mutation
The laws of physics
Atmospheric O2 concentrations constrain insect size
Antagonistic pleiotropy
Single gene affects expression of many traits
- Mutations may have positive effects for one trait but negative effects for another trait
Convergent evolution
Independent evolution leading to similar traits in two different lineages
- Result to similar selection pressures
- I.e. homoplasy
Components of natural selection
- Population varies for trait of interest
- Trait is heritable
- Differential survival and/or reproductive success with respect to trait
Natural experiments
Populations that independently experience parallel environmental changes represent
replicated natural experiments
- Conditions are ideal for evolutionary studies
Asexual
Daughters produce daughters and they produce more daughters
Sexual
Must mate with a male in order to reproduce
- Half of offspring will be male
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Gene control region
Upstream section of DNA that includes the promoter region and other regulatory
sequences which influences the transcription of DNA
Repressor
A protein that binds to a sequence of DNA or RNA and inhibits the expression of 1+
genes
Transcription factor
A protein that binds to specific DNA sequences and acts like a light switch by turning all
the sequences on or off simultaneously
Complex adaptation
- Suite of coexpressed traits
- Experiene selection for a common function
- Multiple components must be expressed together for the trait to function
Pleiotropic genes
Capable of carrying out >1 function are especially likely to take on new functions if
duplicated
Paralog
A homologous gene that arises by gene duplication
Gene recruitment
, The co-option of a gene or network for a novel function as a result of mutation
The laws of physics
Atmospheric O2 concentrations constrain insect size
Antagonistic pleiotropy
Single gene affects expression of many traits
- Mutations may have positive effects for one trait but negative effects for another trait
Convergent evolution
Independent evolution leading to similar traits in two different lineages
- Result to similar selection pressures
- I.e. homoplasy
Components of natural selection
- Population varies for trait of interest
- Trait is heritable
- Differential survival and/or reproductive success with respect to trait
Natural experiments
Populations that independently experience parallel environmental changes represent
replicated natural experiments
- Conditions are ideal for evolutionary studies
Asexual
Daughters produce daughters and they produce more daughters
Sexual
Must mate with a male in order to reproduce
- Half of offspring will be male
