3rd Period Guided Notes
Basic Anatomy
Carotid Artery and Jugular Vein
Pass on each side of the trachea
Carotid Artery
- Oxygenated blood to brain
Jugular Vein
- Oxygenated blood away from brain
Esophagus
-The esophagus is the passageway for ___food_____ going from the mouth to the stomach it
-It lies in front of the cervical vertebrae and behind _________trachea and larynx__.
Trachea
-The trachea is made up of __________circular rings of cartilage_____________________.
-Main trunk of the system of tubes where air passess to and from lungs exchanging oxygen and
carbon dioxide
- located in the upper chest below the larynx
Larynx
-The larynx is the ______________modified upper part of the trachea ___.
-Contains the vocal cords letting you speak
-Protects the lower airways
- promotes respiration
Heart
-The heart is made up of four chambers: two upper chambers known as the left atrium and
right atrium and two lower chambers called the left and right ventricles.
-The right atrium receives _____________non oxygenated
blood__________________________________________.
-The right ventricle pumps_______the blood through the pulmonary valve to the
lungs________.
-The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it through the mitral
valve to the left ventricle.
-The left ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood through the aortic valve to the rest of the body.
Functions of the Lungs
The lungs play a crucial role in the body by:
● allowing us to breathe
●Respiration- the exchange of taking in oxygen and bringing out carbon dioxide
What is the Diaphragm
, - The diaphragm is located around the lungs and___________around the lungs and
separates the thorax and abdomin__________________.
- The diaphragm is a muscle that helps the lungs during respiration.
What is the Function of the Diaphragm
- The diaphragm contracts the lungs to aid in_________inhalation___________
- _________move upward to release air out of the lungs during
exhalation________________.
Ways to Prevent Throat and Thorax Injuries
● special equipment designed to protect the throat
○Throat protectors in Softball, baseball, lacrosse, field hockey and ice hockey
●Equipment like chest protectors and sternal pads are used to protect the Thorax. (Especially
for Goalies)
●Safe distance between the boundary of a playing surface and objects such as
○ bleachers, fences, scorer tables, and spectators
●This is done so players don't collide with any of these objects
●Chest protection is very important for baseball as if you get hit by a ball the protection will
absorb the force
●Make sure the chest protection bought is labeled correctly and high value, if protection is low
value it can lead to injury
Throat Laceration
How?
- Normally a blade of some sort slices the athletes neck but it can also occur from
strangulation such as having a wire wrapped around the neck or having a blunt object hit
the neck. Result is damage to the larynx,
Signs/Symptoms
-Bleeding (or coughing up undigested blood)
- change in voice
- Respiratory distress
-Complaints of neck pain
Treatment
-For mild cases direct pressure should be applied and should later be bandages, and the
athlete needs to temporarily stop their activities
-Surgery should be done as soon as possible for severe lacerations and there is the risk in
this injury that the patient can bleed out due to the major veins and arteries in the neck, or
being unable to breathe.
Cartilage Fracture
How?
Basic Anatomy
Carotid Artery and Jugular Vein
Pass on each side of the trachea
Carotid Artery
- Oxygenated blood to brain
Jugular Vein
- Oxygenated blood away from brain
Esophagus
-The esophagus is the passageway for ___food_____ going from the mouth to the stomach it
-It lies in front of the cervical vertebrae and behind _________trachea and larynx__.
Trachea
-The trachea is made up of __________circular rings of cartilage_____________________.
-Main trunk of the system of tubes where air passess to and from lungs exchanging oxygen and
carbon dioxide
- located in the upper chest below the larynx
Larynx
-The larynx is the ______________modified upper part of the trachea ___.
-Contains the vocal cords letting you speak
-Protects the lower airways
- promotes respiration
Heart
-The heart is made up of four chambers: two upper chambers known as the left atrium and
right atrium and two lower chambers called the left and right ventricles.
-The right atrium receives _____________non oxygenated
blood__________________________________________.
-The right ventricle pumps_______the blood through the pulmonary valve to the
lungs________.
-The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it through the mitral
valve to the left ventricle.
-The left ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood through the aortic valve to the rest of the body.
Functions of the Lungs
The lungs play a crucial role in the body by:
● allowing us to breathe
●Respiration- the exchange of taking in oxygen and bringing out carbon dioxide
What is the Diaphragm
, - The diaphragm is located around the lungs and___________around the lungs and
separates the thorax and abdomin__________________.
- The diaphragm is a muscle that helps the lungs during respiration.
What is the Function of the Diaphragm
- The diaphragm contracts the lungs to aid in_________inhalation___________
- _________move upward to release air out of the lungs during
exhalation________________.
Ways to Prevent Throat and Thorax Injuries
● special equipment designed to protect the throat
○Throat protectors in Softball, baseball, lacrosse, field hockey and ice hockey
●Equipment like chest protectors and sternal pads are used to protect the Thorax. (Especially
for Goalies)
●Safe distance between the boundary of a playing surface and objects such as
○ bleachers, fences, scorer tables, and spectators
●This is done so players don't collide with any of these objects
●Chest protection is very important for baseball as if you get hit by a ball the protection will
absorb the force
●Make sure the chest protection bought is labeled correctly and high value, if protection is low
value it can lead to injury
Throat Laceration
How?
- Normally a blade of some sort slices the athletes neck but it can also occur from
strangulation such as having a wire wrapped around the neck or having a blunt object hit
the neck. Result is damage to the larynx,
Signs/Symptoms
-Bleeding (or coughing up undigested blood)
- change in voice
- Respiratory distress
-Complaints of neck pain
Treatment
-For mild cases direct pressure should be applied and should later be bandages, and the
athlete needs to temporarily stop their activities
-Surgery should be done as soon as possible for severe lacerations and there is the risk in
this injury that the patient can bleed out due to the major veins and arteries in the neck, or
being unable to breathe.
Cartilage Fracture
How?
