Thermodynamics: Entropy & Gibbs’ Free Energy
PSI Chemistry Name-------------------------------------------------------
I. Entropy & the Second Law of Thermodynamics
1) A reaction that is spontaneous __________.
A) is very rapid
B) will proceed without outside intervention
C) is also spontaneous in the reverse direction
D) has an equilibrium position that lies far to the left
E) is very slow
2) A reversible process is one that __________.
A) can be reversed with no net change in either system or surroundings
B) happens spontaneously
C) is spontaneous in both directions
D) must be carried out at low temperature
E) must be carried out at high temperature
3) Which of the following statements is true?
A) Processes that are spontaneous in one direction are spontaneous in the opposite
direction.
B) Processes are spontaneous because they occur at an observable rate.
C) Spontaneity can depend on the temperature.
D) All of the statements are true.
4) Of the following, only __________ is not a state function.
A) S
B) H
C) q
D) E
E) T
5) The thermodynamic quantity that expresses the degree of disorder in a system is ______.
A) enthalpy
B) internal energy
C) bond energy
D) entropy
E) heat flow
6) For an isothermal process, ΔS = __________.
, A) q
B) qrev/T
C) qrev
D) Tqrev
E) q + w
7) Which one of the following is always positive when a spontaneous process occurs?
A) ΔSsystem
B) ΔSsurroundings
C) ΔSuniverse
D) ΔHuniverse
E) ΔHsurroundings
8) The entropy of the universe is __________.
A) constant
B) continually decreasing
C) continually increasing
D) zero
E) the same as the energy, E
9) The second law of thermodynamics states that __________.
A) ΔE = q + w
B) ΔH°rxn = Σ nΔH°f (products) - Σ mΔH°f (reactants)
C) for any spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe increases
D) the entropy of a pure crystalline substance is zero at absolute zero
E) ΔS = qrev/T at constant temperature
10) Which of the following statements is false?
A) The change in entropy in a system depends on the initial and final states of the system
and the path taken from one state to the other.
B) Any irreversible process results in an overall increase in entropy.
C) The total entropy of the universe increases in any spontaneous process.
D) Entropy increases with the number of microstates of the system.
11) Of the following, the entropy of __________ is the largest.
A) HCl (l)
B) HCl (s)
C) HCl (g)
D) HBr (g)
E) HI (g)
12) Of the following, the entropy of gaseous __________ is the largest at 25°C and 1 atm.
PSI Chemistry Name-------------------------------------------------------
I. Entropy & the Second Law of Thermodynamics
1) A reaction that is spontaneous __________.
A) is very rapid
B) will proceed without outside intervention
C) is also spontaneous in the reverse direction
D) has an equilibrium position that lies far to the left
E) is very slow
2) A reversible process is one that __________.
A) can be reversed with no net change in either system or surroundings
B) happens spontaneously
C) is spontaneous in both directions
D) must be carried out at low temperature
E) must be carried out at high temperature
3) Which of the following statements is true?
A) Processes that are spontaneous in one direction are spontaneous in the opposite
direction.
B) Processes are spontaneous because they occur at an observable rate.
C) Spontaneity can depend on the temperature.
D) All of the statements are true.
4) Of the following, only __________ is not a state function.
A) S
B) H
C) q
D) E
E) T
5) The thermodynamic quantity that expresses the degree of disorder in a system is ______.
A) enthalpy
B) internal energy
C) bond energy
D) entropy
E) heat flow
6) For an isothermal process, ΔS = __________.
, A) q
B) qrev/T
C) qrev
D) Tqrev
E) q + w
7) Which one of the following is always positive when a spontaneous process occurs?
A) ΔSsystem
B) ΔSsurroundings
C) ΔSuniverse
D) ΔHuniverse
E) ΔHsurroundings
8) The entropy of the universe is __________.
A) constant
B) continually decreasing
C) continually increasing
D) zero
E) the same as the energy, E
9) The second law of thermodynamics states that __________.
A) ΔE = q + w
B) ΔH°rxn = Σ nΔH°f (products) - Σ mΔH°f (reactants)
C) for any spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe increases
D) the entropy of a pure crystalline substance is zero at absolute zero
E) ΔS = qrev/T at constant temperature
10) Which of the following statements is false?
A) The change in entropy in a system depends on the initial and final states of the system
and the path taken from one state to the other.
B) Any irreversible process results in an overall increase in entropy.
C) The total entropy of the universe increases in any spontaneous process.
D) Entropy increases with the number of microstates of the system.
11) Of the following, the entropy of __________ is the largest.
A) HCl (l)
B) HCl (s)
C) HCl (g)
D) HBr (g)
E) HI (g)
12) Of the following, the entropy of gaseous __________ is the largest at 25°C and 1 atm.
