Acute Bronchiolitis
Airway anatomy showing bronchioles
Is common disease of lower respiratory tract resulting from inflammatory
obstruction of small air way
Common occur in first 2 years of life
Peak incidence is 6th month of age
Causes :
It is viral illness
Respiratory syncytial virus( RSV) is responsible in 50 % cases
Other organism include:
Mycoplasma
Parainfluenza
Adenovirus
Human metapneumovirus
Bocavirus
There is no evidence of that bacteria can cause the bronchiolitis
Epidemiology :
Bronchiolitis is more common in males, those exposed to second-hand tobacco
smoke, those who have not been breastfed, and those living in crowded conditions.
Risk is also higher for infants with mothers who smoked during pregnancy.
Pathophysiology :
Acute Bronchiolitis is characterized by bronchial obstruction due
to edema an accumulation of mucus and cellular debris by the invasion of smaller
radicles of bronchial tree by virus
Resistance in the small air passages is increased during both inspiration and
exhalation, but because the radius of an airway is smaller during expiration, the
resultant respiratory obstruction leads to expiratory wheezing, air trapping, and lung
hyperinflation
Airway anatomy showing bronchioles
Is common disease of lower respiratory tract resulting from inflammatory
obstruction of small air way
Common occur in first 2 years of life
Peak incidence is 6th month of age
Causes :
It is viral illness
Respiratory syncytial virus( RSV) is responsible in 50 % cases
Other organism include:
Mycoplasma
Parainfluenza
Adenovirus
Human metapneumovirus
Bocavirus
There is no evidence of that bacteria can cause the bronchiolitis
Epidemiology :
Bronchiolitis is more common in males, those exposed to second-hand tobacco
smoke, those who have not been breastfed, and those living in crowded conditions.
Risk is also higher for infants with mothers who smoked during pregnancy.
Pathophysiology :
Acute Bronchiolitis is characterized by bronchial obstruction due
to edema an accumulation of mucus and cellular debris by the invasion of smaller
radicles of bronchial tree by virus
Resistance in the small air passages is increased during both inspiration and
exhalation, but because the radius of an airway is smaller during expiration, the
resultant respiratory obstruction leads to expiratory wheezing, air trapping, and lung
hyperinflation
