Ling 1010 Notes: Syntax exams latest update 2024-2025 with all
questions and answers rated A+
1. Tragedy of the Commons: Origin: Towns have common greens which were
originally a place townspeople could keep their cattle
Each townsperson then adds more cattle until the green is overgrazed
,Each consumer acts rationally in their own self interest but irrationally for global
interests
2. Maximum Sustainable Yield: Harvesting only up to the rate of replacement.
3. Limited Entry(fishing): Only a set number of commercial fishing permits are
provided at a time to maintain populations
4. Sustainable Harvesting: Maine lobster: Sustainable practices used for over
100 years.
Limited entry utilized
Trap limit-800 traps per person
Slot limit- let the largest and smallest lobsters go
5. Consumer knowledge: *Potential exam bonus question*: In New England
you should avoid Cod and Bluefin Tuna because they are endangered species
6. Introduced, alien, or non-native species: Species established far from their
natural range
Usually from a different continent or biogeographical range(really different place)
,7. Invasive species: Species established far from their natural range WITH ad-
verse effects on the invaded habitat
8. IUCN 100 worst invasive species: Kudzu: Mile a minute vine that originated
in Japan and is now in Southern US.
Introduced purposefully to inhibit soil erosion, but is now out of control because it
outcompetes native plants
9. IUCN 100 worst invasive species: Norway Rat: Originated in tropical Asia and
is now worldwide
introduced via ships and outcompete native mammals and preys on bird eggs, also
carrier of the plague
10. IUCN 100 worst invasive species: Asian Longhorn beetle: Originated in
China and Korea
Introduced into eastern US via wood packing material from china. Threatens 30%
of trees: $700 billion in damage
, 11. Ecological opportunity: Open niche not filled by native species that allows
invasive species to fill in
12. Competitor or enemy release: A non-native species may be leaving behind a
biotic limitation or abundant predators for a safer place that allows it to thrive
13. Overexplotation: overharvesting natural resources faster than their
replacement
is a main cause of biodiversity loss
14. Overexploitation-Cod Fishing: Atlantic Cod fishery is depleted by 1920's
tech- nological advances such as diesel engines that allow for larger boats
15. Georges Bank: Inundated, highly productive island where the Gulf Stream
caus- es upwellings of nutrients as they are removed from the bottom of water
bodies
Largest source of fish for Europe, and then the America's from 1500-1900's
16. Fish landings(Ships) in tons: Increase during times of more effort to get
questions and answers rated A+
1. Tragedy of the Commons: Origin: Towns have common greens which were
originally a place townspeople could keep their cattle
Each townsperson then adds more cattle until the green is overgrazed
,Each consumer acts rationally in their own self interest but irrationally for global
interests
2. Maximum Sustainable Yield: Harvesting only up to the rate of replacement.
3. Limited Entry(fishing): Only a set number of commercial fishing permits are
provided at a time to maintain populations
4. Sustainable Harvesting: Maine lobster: Sustainable practices used for over
100 years.
Limited entry utilized
Trap limit-800 traps per person
Slot limit- let the largest and smallest lobsters go
5. Consumer knowledge: *Potential exam bonus question*: In New England
you should avoid Cod and Bluefin Tuna because they are endangered species
6. Introduced, alien, or non-native species: Species established far from their
natural range
Usually from a different continent or biogeographical range(really different place)
,7. Invasive species: Species established far from their natural range WITH ad-
verse effects on the invaded habitat
8. IUCN 100 worst invasive species: Kudzu: Mile a minute vine that originated
in Japan and is now in Southern US.
Introduced purposefully to inhibit soil erosion, but is now out of control because it
outcompetes native plants
9. IUCN 100 worst invasive species: Norway Rat: Originated in tropical Asia and
is now worldwide
introduced via ships and outcompete native mammals and preys on bird eggs, also
carrier of the plague
10. IUCN 100 worst invasive species: Asian Longhorn beetle: Originated in
China and Korea
Introduced into eastern US via wood packing material from china. Threatens 30%
of trees: $700 billion in damage
, 11. Ecological opportunity: Open niche not filled by native species that allows
invasive species to fill in
12. Competitor or enemy release: A non-native species may be leaving behind a
biotic limitation or abundant predators for a safer place that allows it to thrive
13. Overexplotation: overharvesting natural resources faster than their
replacement
is a main cause of biodiversity loss
14. Overexploitation-Cod Fishing: Atlantic Cod fishery is depleted by 1920's
tech- nological advances such as diesel engines that allow for larger boats
15. Georges Bank: Inundated, highly productive island where the Gulf Stream
caus- es upwellings of nutrients as they are removed from the bottom of water
bodies
Largest source of fish for Europe, and then the America's from 1500-1900's
16. Fish landings(Ships) in tons: Increase during times of more effort to get
