Nursing A Concept-Based Approach to Learning Edition
(All Chapters, 100% Verified, A+ Grade )Questions and
Answers
The nurse is providing medication teaching to a patient who has been prescribed alendronate sodium
(Fosamax) for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Which adverse effect should the nurse include?
Dyspepsia
Rationale:Dyspepsia is a common adverse effect that occurs for patients taking alendronate
sodium (Fosamax). Sinusitis and hot flashes are expected adverse effects that occur with
raloxifene hydrochloride (Evista). Diarrhea, not constipation, is an adverse effect expected with
the medication.
A 65-year-old female patient has been recently diagnosed with osteoporosis.
Which information should the nurse include in the teaching related to the patient's diagnosis?
Walk 30-40 minutes per day.
Rationale:Walking is a weight-bearing exercise. The patient should be encouraged to walk 30-40
minutes per day, at least four times a week, to promote bone growth. It is not necessary to
decrease dietary iron intake, increase dietary protein, or completely abstain from caffeine.
A 65-year-old man with a low testosterone and lifetime calcium level has had two bone fractures in
the past 2 years.
Which intervention should the nurse suggest to prevent or slow the development of osteoporosis?
Increasing calcium intake
Rationale:The nurse will recommend that the patient increase calcium intake as a way to slow
the development of osteoporosis. The use of corticosteroids increases the risk factor for
osteoporosis. Low estrogen levels are a cause of osteoporosis in women but not in men, so
estrogen supplements would not be indicated for an older man. The patient should be advised
to increase activity, not to decrease it.
A patient diagnosed with osteoporosis asks, "How can I prevent this disease from progressing?"
Which response by the nurse provides the patient with important dietary information to prevent the
osteoporosis from progressing?
, "To help prevent further progression of the disease, it is important for you to increase your
calcium intake."
Rationale:Calcium is an essential mineral in the process of bone formation and other significant
body functions. When the intake of calcium through the diet is insufficient, the body
compensates by removing calcium from the skeleton, weakening the bone tissue. The nurse
should also remind the patient that vitamin D helps with calcium absorption. Foods high in
vitamin A, iron, animal protein, and zinc are not effective in the prevention of the progression of
osteoporosis.
An older adult female patient is diagnosed with osteoporosis.
Which risk factor should the nurse recognize as a contributing to this disease?
Lack of vitamin D
Rationale:A patient with a history of decreased levels of vitamin D will be at a risk of developing
osteoporosis. This is a modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis. Low testosterone in male patients,
not female patients, increases the risk of osteoporosis. A diet rich in calcium and weight-bearing
exercise both decrease the risk of osteoporosis.
The nurse is providing dietary teaching for a patient newly diagnosed with osteoporosis. Included in
the teaching is the importance of dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D.
Which foods that are high in vitamin D should the nurse recommend?
Milk
Rationale:Vitamin D is necessary for the body to absorb calcium. The food the nurse will
recommend that is high in vitamin D is milk. Milk is also high in calcium, which is recommended
in the prevention of further complications of osteoporosis. Beef does not contain high amounts
of vitamin D. Orange juice and beans contain high amounts of calcium.
The nurse is providing teaching to a patient diagnosed with osteoporosis about how to slow the
disease process.
Which information is the most appropriate to provide?
Encouraging smoking cessation
Rationale:The information that is the most appropriate for the patient with osteoporosis to
decrease the progression of the disease is to encourage smoking cessation. Smoking decreases
the blood supply to bones, and nicotine slows the production of osteoblasts and impairs the
absorption of calcium, contributing to decreased bone density. Decreasing fluid intake,
encouraging the regular use of pain medication, and discouraging further physical activity will
not decrease the progression of the disease.
,During a home visit, the nurse is concerned that a patient recovering from an osteoporosis-related
fracture is at risk for future fractures.
Which assessment finding supports the nurse's conclusion?
The patient is smoking cigarettes.
Rationale:For osteoporosis, the nurse can help the patient identify risk factors and encourage
actions such as increasing activity, smoking cessation, healthy eating, and taking the
recommended amount of calcium and vitamin D each day. Smoking cigarettes increases the
patient's risk for a future osteoporosis-related fracture. Smoking decreases the blood supply to
bones, and nicotine slows the production of osteoblasts and impairs the absorption of calcium,
contributing to decreased bone density. Although the patient should be discouraged from using
alcohol, drinking an occasional glass of wine does not support that the patient is at an increased
risk for future fractures. Using a treadmill for exercise and consuming fresh produce help reduce
the risk of future osteoporosis-related fractures.
A patient with osteoporosis has been prescribed calcium citrate supplements.
Which topic should the nurse include in the patient's medication teaching?
Best taken with meals
Rationale:Calcium citrate supplements may cause indigestion and should be taken with meals.
Calcium supplements are not associated with depression, weight gain, or anemia.
The nurse is providing care to a patient diagnosed with osteoporosis. Dual-energy x-ray
absorptiometry (DEXA) has been ordered for the patient.
Which explanation of this diagnostic procedure is appropriate for the nurse to give the patient?
"The test measures bone density in the lumbar spine or hip."
Rationale:
The DEXA measures bone density in the lumbar spine or hip. An ultrasound is administered to
the heel of the foot to measure bone density. X-rays detect osteopenia and identify fractures. A
quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is used to evaluate bone mineral density and the degree of
osteoporosis.
The nurse is providing care for a patient diagnosed with osteoporosis who is recovering from a wrist
fracture.
Which outcome should the nurse expect the patient to meet?
The patient identifies and eliminates safety hazards.
Rationale:A patient with a wrist fracture should be able to identify and eliminate safety hazards
, to prevent further injury. Achieving adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, incorporating
weight-bearing exercises, and maintaining a healthy weight are not expected outcomes at this
time.
The nurse is performing a yearly health screening on a patient at risk for osteoporosis.
Which clinical assessment finding should the nurse associate with osteoporosis?
A decrease in height over time
Rationale:A clinical assessment finding associated with osteoporosis is a decrease in height over
time. An increase in weight is not associated with osteoporosis. Chronic episodes of vertebral
pain or vertebral pain occurring with substantial movement are not associated with
osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is characterized by acute, not chronic, episodes of vertebral pain.
The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with osteoporosis.
When planning the patient's care, which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate?
Mobility: Physical, Impaired
Rationale:A nursing diagnosis that is most appropriate for a patient with osteoporosis is
Mobility: Physical, Impaired. The patient may experience impaired mobility due to fractures and
acute pain. The other diagnoses are not appropriate for a patient with osteoporosis. (NANDA-I
© 2014)
Osteoporosis and increase risk of bone fractures
Osteoporosis causes a loss of bone matrix.
-a loss of bone matrix and a decrease in bone mineralization characterizes osteoporosis.
osteoporosis risk factors
-Dietary pattern; Decreased calcium intake is a risk factor for the development of osteoporosis.
-Gender; Osteoporosis occurs more often among women than men.
-Body mass index; Osteoporosis is more common among individuals who have small body frames.
-Hyperthyroidism, as well as excessive intake of medications used to treat hyperthyroidism, increases
the risk for developing osteoporosis.
The nurse is teaching a group of older adults with osteoarthritis about dietary interventions that may
reduce disease progression.
Which recommendation should the nurse include?
Decreasing caloric intake while increasing caloric expenditure
Rationale:The nurse should promote balanced nutrition for patients with osteoarthritis (OA)
since being overweight and obese can add to disease progression. The nurse should instruct
patients to decrease caloric intake and increase caloric expenditure. There is no strong evidence
(All Chapters, 100% Verified, A+ Grade )Questions and
Answers
The nurse is providing medication teaching to a patient who has been prescribed alendronate sodium
(Fosamax) for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Which adverse effect should the nurse include?
Dyspepsia
Rationale:Dyspepsia is a common adverse effect that occurs for patients taking alendronate
sodium (Fosamax). Sinusitis and hot flashes are expected adverse effects that occur with
raloxifene hydrochloride (Evista). Diarrhea, not constipation, is an adverse effect expected with
the medication.
A 65-year-old female patient has been recently diagnosed with osteoporosis.
Which information should the nurse include in the teaching related to the patient's diagnosis?
Walk 30-40 minutes per day.
Rationale:Walking is a weight-bearing exercise. The patient should be encouraged to walk 30-40
minutes per day, at least four times a week, to promote bone growth. It is not necessary to
decrease dietary iron intake, increase dietary protein, or completely abstain from caffeine.
A 65-year-old man with a low testosterone and lifetime calcium level has had two bone fractures in
the past 2 years.
Which intervention should the nurse suggest to prevent or slow the development of osteoporosis?
Increasing calcium intake
Rationale:The nurse will recommend that the patient increase calcium intake as a way to slow
the development of osteoporosis. The use of corticosteroids increases the risk factor for
osteoporosis. Low estrogen levels are a cause of osteoporosis in women but not in men, so
estrogen supplements would not be indicated for an older man. The patient should be advised
to increase activity, not to decrease it.
A patient diagnosed with osteoporosis asks, "How can I prevent this disease from progressing?"
Which response by the nurse provides the patient with important dietary information to prevent the
osteoporosis from progressing?
, "To help prevent further progression of the disease, it is important for you to increase your
calcium intake."
Rationale:Calcium is an essential mineral in the process of bone formation and other significant
body functions. When the intake of calcium through the diet is insufficient, the body
compensates by removing calcium from the skeleton, weakening the bone tissue. The nurse
should also remind the patient that vitamin D helps with calcium absorption. Foods high in
vitamin A, iron, animal protein, and zinc are not effective in the prevention of the progression of
osteoporosis.
An older adult female patient is diagnosed with osteoporosis.
Which risk factor should the nurse recognize as a contributing to this disease?
Lack of vitamin D
Rationale:A patient with a history of decreased levels of vitamin D will be at a risk of developing
osteoporosis. This is a modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis. Low testosterone in male patients,
not female patients, increases the risk of osteoporosis. A diet rich in calcium and weight-bearing
exercise both decrease the risk of osteoporosis.
The nurse is providing dietary teaching for a patient newly diagnosed with osteoporosis. Included in
the teaching is the importance of dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D.
Which foods that are high in vitamin D should the nurse recommend?
Milk
Rationale:Vitamin D is necessary for the body to absorb calcium. The food the nurse will
recommend that is high in vitamin D is milk. Milk is also high in calcium, which is recommended
in the prevention of further complications of osteoporosis. Beef does not contain high amounts
of vitamin D. Orange juice and beans contain high amounts of calcium.
The nurse is providing teaching to a patient diagnosed with osteoporosis about how to slow the
disease process.
Which information is the most appropriate to provide?
Encouraging smoking cessation
Rationale:The information that is the most appropriate for the patient with osteoporosis to
decrease the progression of the disease is to encourage smoking cessation. Smoking decreases
the blood supply to bones, and nicotine slows the production of osteoblasts and impairs the
absorption of calcium, contributing to decreased bone density. Decreasing fluid intake,
encouraging the regular use of pain medication, and discouraging further physical activity will
not decrease the progression of the disease.
,During a home visit, the nurse is concerned that a patient recovering from an osteoporosis-related
fracture is at risk for future fractures.
Which assessment finding supports the nurse's conclusion?
The patient is smoking cigarettes.
Rationale:For osteoporosis, the nurse can help the patient identify risk factors and encourage
actions such as increasing activity, smoking cessation, healthy eating, and taking the
recommended amount of calcium and vitamin D each day. Smoking cigarettes increases the
patient's risk for a future osteoporosis-related fracture. Smoking decreases the blood supply to
bones, and nicotine slows the production of osteoblasts and impairs the absorption of calcium,
contributing to decreased bone density. Although the patient should be discouraged from using
alcohol, drinking an occasional glass of wine does not support that the patient is at an increased
risk for future fractures. Using a treadmill for exercise and consuming fresh produce help reduce
the risk of future osteoporosis-related fractures.
A patient with osteoporosis has been prescribed calcium citrate supplements.
Which topic should the nurse include in the patient's medication teaching?
Best taken with meals
Rationale:Calcium citrate supplements may cause indigestion and should be taken with meals.
Calcium supplements are not associated with depression, weight gain, or anemia.
The nurse is providing care to a patient diagnosed with osteoporosis. Dual-energy x-ray
absorptiometry (DEXA) has been ordered for the patient.
Which explanation of this diagnostic procedure is appropriate for the nurse to give the patient?
"The test measures bone density in the lumbar spine or hip."
Rationale:
The DEXA measures bone density in the lumbar spine or hip. An ultrasound is administered to
the heel of the foot to measure bone density. X-rays detect osteopenia and identify fractures. A
quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is used to evaluate bone mineral density and the degree of
osteoporosis.
The nurse is providing care for a patient diagnosed with osteoporosis who is recovering from a wrist
fracture.
Which outcome should the nurse expect the patient to meet?
The patient identifies and eliminates safety hazards.
Rationale:A patient with a wrist fracture should be able to identify and eliminate safety hazards
, to prevent further injury. Achieving adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, incorporating
weight-bearing exercises, and maintaining a healthy weight are not expected outcomes at this
time.
The nurse is performing a yearly health screening on a patient at risk for osteoporosis.
Which clinical assessment finding should the nurse associate with osteoporosis?
A decrease in height over time
Rationale:A clinical assessment finding associated with osteoporosis is a decrease in height over
time. An increase in weight is not associated with osteoporosis. Chronic episodes of vertebral
pain or vertebral pain occurring with substantial movement are not associated with
osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is characterized by acute, not chronic, episodes of vertebral pain.
The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with osteoporosis.
When planning the patient's care, which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate?
Mobility: Physical, Impaired
Rationale:A nursing diagnosis that is most appropriate for a patient with osteoporosis is
Mobility: Physical, Impaired. The patient may experience impaired mobility due to fractures and
acute pain. The other diagnoses are not appropriate for a patient with osteoporosis. (NANDA-I
© 2014)
Osteoporosis and increase risk of bone fractures
Osteoporosis causes a loss of bone matrix.
-a loss of bone matrix and a decrease in bone mineralization characterizes osteoporosis.
osteoporosis risk factors
-Dietary pattern; Decreased calcium intake is a risk factor for the development of osteoporosis.
-Gender; Osteoporosis occurs more often among women than men.
-Body mass index; Osteoporosis is more common among individuals who have small body frames.
-Hyperthyroidism, as well as excessive intake of medications used to treat hyperthyroidism, increases
the risk for developing osteoporosis.
The nurse is teaching a group of older adults with osteoarthritis about dietary interventions that may
reduce disease progression.
Which recommendation should the nurse include?
Decreasing caloric intake while increasing caloric expenditure
Rationale:The nurse should promote balanced nutrition for patients with osteoarthritis (OA)
since being overweight and obese can add to disease progression. The nurse should instruct
patients to decrease caloric intake and increase caloric expenditure. There is no strong evidence
