UNIT 14 Task 1
Parkinson’s and Coronary Heart Disease
Parkinson’s
P1- Explain the causes, signs and symptoms of different types of physiological
disorder on service users.
Parkinson’s is a physiological disorder that affects the deteriorates the brain that controls the
movements, posture and balance. It is a disorder that has various symptoms which means
everyone who have the disorder have different experiences with it (APDA, 2020). There are
no causes that are known about why Parkinson’s affects people, but it is thoughts to be a
mix between genetics and the environment. Parkinson’s makes the body become stiff and
movement because slow and the individual have their head and neck are bent. Parkinson’s
cause’s the individual to have a loss of smell and memory, difficulty in sleeping and often
depression. Parkinson’s commonly affects men than women, and usually affects those in
later stages of life (Stretch, Physiological Disorders and their Care, 2016).
Due to the damage because of
Parkinson’s, it causes dopamine, a
chemical in the body that regulates the
movement of the body (NHS,
Overview, 2019), to decline which
causes an interruption to the nervous
system that leads to tremor or
trembling in the body, which usually is
the arm or the hand. Nervous system
oversees a lot of different aspects when it comes to a human’s health such as: waking up,
automatically breathing and more complex aspects such as thinking, reading, remembering
and feeling emotions (NICHD, 2018). The nervous system has two main parts such as the
central nervous system that is made up or the brain and the spinal cord, the second part is
peripheral nervous system that is made up of nerves that branch off from the spinal cord and
extends to all parts of the body (NCIHD, 2018).
The nervous system works by using billions of cells called neurons to then send electrical
signals or messages all over the body, the electrical signals travel between the brain, skin,
,organs, glands muscles. Through the messages a person can move their limbs and feel
different sensations, such as pain. There is, different neurons that send signals throughout
the body. Motor neurons oversee helping to move the muscles of the body. Sensory Neuron
are the ones that take in information from senses and send it to the brain (Clinic C. , Nervous
System, 2020). Neurons have cell body and various extensions, the short extensions
(dendrites) are the ones that receive the signal from other neurons and pas on the
information to the cell body which travel through the long extension (axon) (NCBI, 2020).
People with Parkinson’s do not have enough dopamine in them since the nerve cells that
create dopamine have died. There is no known cause on why Parkinson’s happens to
people, however researchers believe that it is a combination of age, genetic and
environmental factors that kills nerve cells that produce dopamine (Parkinsons, What causes
Parkinson's?, 2020). There are different risk factors when it comes to Parkinson’s, which
are: Age, Parkinson’s usually begins in middle or late life. Heredity, there is a small chance
that Parkinson’s would link to the genes and be inherited to the individual’s child. Sex, men
are more likely to develop Parkinson’s’ compared to women. Exposure to toxins such as
herbicide (substance that is toxic to plants) and pesticide (substance toxic to insects that are
harmful to plants and animals) could slightly increase the risk of getting Parkinson’s (Clinic
M. , Parkinson's Disease, 2020).
When it comes to Parkinson’s signs and symptoms could be different for everyone who has
the disorder. Early signs could go unnoticed at first and symptoms usually affect one side of
the body and remain worse on that side, even when symptoms developed on the other side
(Clinic M. , Parkinson's Disease, 2020). There are many symptoms when it comes to
Parkinson’s, and an individual is unlikely to experience them all or most of them, and every
individual experience different symptoms in different severities. 3 observational signs of
Parkinson’s for an individual would be: slowness, which commonly appears in the hand or
arm and is likely happen when the limb is relaxed and testing. Slowness of movement,
physical movements are much slower and could make everyday tasks difficult to do. Muscle
stiffness, could make it difficult to move and make facial expressions, could also result in
muscle cramps (NHS, Parkinson's disease, 2019). A neurologist would be the one to
diagnose an individual with Parkinson’s disease based on their medical history, a review of
the signs and symptoms and neurological and physical examination (Clinic M. , Parkinson's
Disease, 2020). As there is no lab tests that could be done to check if an individual has
Parkinson’s, they would have to look at the signs similar to symptoms such as tremor,
slowness and stiffness, they would also ask about medical history and ask if any medication
is being taken at the moment as the medication could cause symptoms that mimic
Parkinson’s disease (Hopkins, 2020).
, P2. Compare investigative and diagnostic procedures for different physiological
disorders.
The term diagnosis could be defined as a process of identifying a disease, condition or injury
from the signs and symptoms that could be observed and then further on discovered. To
help make a diagnosis more apparent and solidify the issue different steps could be made
such as health history, physical exam, tests such as blood test or biopsies to help make
diagnosis (Institute, 2020).
When doing a investigative procedure a professional will do general measurements to check
if there is any unusual readings and to have reference if the illness progresses.
Measurements that are usually done in the investigative procedure are body temperature,
pulse rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate. The results are recorded numerically and
graphically so that the professional could see if there is any difference. While diagnostic
procedures are different as it goes into more detail when trying to make a diagnosis as it
focuses on a particular body system (Stretch, Physicological Disorders and their care, 2016)
When the service user explains their symptoms to their GP, the GP could ask to do further
investigation about. There isn’t a way to test Parkinson’s disease, however the GP would
look at the medical history, review all the signs and symptoms and a neurological and
physical examination would be done.
The GP could request blood test to be done just to rule out any other conditions that could
be causing the symptoms to the user, however blood test itself would never be able to tell if
a service user has Parkinson’s or not Imaging tests are not useful for diagnosing Parkinson’s
disease, but they can be used to rule out any other conditions (CLINIC, 2020).
Service user could be prescribed carbidopa-levodopa, a sufficient amount would be given to
take. If there is improvement of the symptoms after taking the medication for a couple of
days, it could be seen as a confirmation that a service user has Parkinson’s disease. Though
sometimes it takes time to diagnose/conform someone has Parkinson’s disease, so a GP
would recommend having regular follow-up appointments with a neurologist to further
evaluate the conditions and symptoms over time to be able to diagnose the service user
(CLINIC, 2020).
For Parkinson’s GP would examine the individuals to see if they have Parkinson’s by first
checking their medical history as it would tell everything the individual has had a complaint
for due to worry, and the information is able to be obtained. Through the medical history the
GP can check if there has been any pattern of signs and symptoms that could possibly fit the
Parkinson’s and Coronary Heart Disease
Parkinson’s
P1- Explain the causes, signs and symptoms of different types of physiological
disorder on service users.
Parkinson’s is a physiological disorder that affects the deteriorates the brain that controls the
movements, posture and balance. It is a disorder that has various symptoms which means
everyone who have the disorder have different experiences with it (APDA, 2020). There are
no causes that are known about why Parkinson’s affects people, but it is thoughts to be a
mix between genetics and the environment. Parkinson’s makes the body become stiff and
movement because slow and the individual have their head and neck are bent. Parkinson’s
cause’s the individual to have a loss of smell and memory, difficulty in sleeping and often
depression. Parkinson’s commonly affects men than women, and usually affects those in
later stages of life (Stretch, Physiological Disorders and their Care, 2016).
Due to the damage because of
Parkinson’s, it causes dopamine, a
chemical in the body that regulates the
movement of the body (NHS,
Overview, 2019), to decline which
causes an interruption to the nervous
system that leads to tremor or
trembling in the body, which usually is
the arm or the hand. Nervous system
oversees a lot of different aspects when it comes to a human’s health such as: waking up,
automatically breathing and more complex aspects such as thinking, reading, remembering
and feeling emotions (NICHD, 2018). The nervous system has two main parts such as the
central nervous system that is made up or the brain and the spinal cord, the second part is
peripheral nervous system that is made up of nerves that branch off from the spinal cord and
extends to all parts of the body (NCIHD, 2018).
The nervous system works by using billions of cells called neurons to then send electrical
signals or messages all over the body, the electrical signals travel between the brain, skin,
,organs, glands muscles. Through the messages a person can move their limbs and feel
different sensations, such as pain. There is, different neurons that send signals throughout
the body. Motor neurons oversee helping to move the muscles of the body. Sensory Neuron
are the ones that take in information from senses and send it to the brain (Clinic C. , Nervous
System, 2020). Neurons have cell body and various extensions, the short extensions
(dendrites) are the ones that receive the signal from other neurons and pas on the
information to the cell body which travel through the long extension (axon) (NCBI, 2020).
People with Parkinson’s do not have enough dopamine in them since the nerve cells that
create dopamine have died. There is no known cause on why Parkinson’s happens to
people, however researchers believe that it is a combination of age, genetic and
environmental factors that kills nerve cells that produce dopamine (Parkinsons, What causes
Parkinson's?, 2020). There are different risk factors when it comes to Parkinson’s, which
are: Age, Parkinson’s usually begins in middle or late life. Heredity, there is a small chance
that Parkinson’s would link to the genes and be inherited to the individual’s child. Sex, men
are more likely to develop Parkinson’s’ compared to women. Exposure to toxins such as
herbicide (substance that is toxic to plants) and pesticide (substance toxic to insects that are
harmful to plants and animals) could slightly increase the risk of getting Parkinson’s (Clinic
M. , Parkinson's Disease, 2020).
When it comes to Parkinson’s signs and symptoms could be different for everyone who has
the disorder. Early signs could go unnoticed at first and symptoms usually affect one side of
the body and remain worse on that side, even when symptoms developed on the other side
(Clinic M. , Parkinson's Disease, 2020). There are many symptoms when it comes to
Parkinson’s, and an individual is unlikely to experience them all or most of them, and every
individual experience different symptoms in different severities. 3 observational signs of
Parkinson’s for an individual would be: slowness, which commonly appears in the hand or
arm and is likely happen when the limb is relaxed and testing. Slowness of movement,
physical movements are much slower and could make everyday tasks difficult to do. Muscle
stiffness, could make it difficult to move and make facial expressions, could also result in
muscle cramps (NHS, Parkinson's disease, 2019). A neurologist would be the one to
diagnose an individual with Parkinson’s disease based on their medical history, a review of
the signs and symptoms and neurological and physical examination (Clinic M. , Parkinson's
Disease, 2020). As there is no lab tests that could be done to check if an individual has
Parkinson’s, they would have to look at the signs similar to symptoms such as tremor,
slowness and stiffness, they would also ask about medical history and ask if any medication
is being taken at the moment as the medication could cause symptoms that mimic
Parkinson’s disease (Hopkins, 2020).
, P2. Compare investigative and diagnostic procedures for different physiological
disorders.
The term diagnosis could be defined as a process of identifying a disease, condition or injury
from the signs and symptoms that could be observed and then further on discovered. To
help make a diagnosis more apparent and solidify the issue different steps could be made
such as health history, physical exam, tests such as blood test or biopsies to help make
diagnosis (Institute, 2020).
When doing a investigative procedure a professional will do general measurements to check
if there is any unusual readings and to have reference if the illness progresses.
Measurements that are usually done in the investigative procedure are body temperature,
pulse rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate. The results are recorded numerically and
graphically so that the professional could see if there is any difference. While diagnostic
procedures are different as it goes into more detail when trying to make a diagnosis as it
focuses on a particular body system (Stretch, Physicological Disorders and their care, 2016)
When the service user explains their symptoms to their GP, the GP could ask to do further
investigation about. There isn’t a way to test Parkinson’s disease, however the GP would
look at the medical history, review all the signs and symptoms and a neurological and
physical examination would be done.
The GP could request blood test to be done just to rule out any other conditions that could
be causing the symptoms to the user, however blood test itself would never be able to tell if
a service user has Parkinson’s or not Imaging tests are not useful for diagnosing Parkinson’s
disease, but they can be used to rule out any other conditions (CLINIC, 2020).
Service user could be prescribed carbidopa-levodopa, a sufficient amount would be given to
take. If there is improvement of the symptoms after taking the medication for a couple of
days, it could be seen as a confirmation that a service user has Parkinson’s disease. Though
sometimes it takes time to diagnose/conform someone has Parkinson’s disease, so a GP
would recommend having regular follow-up appointments with a neurologist to further
evaluate the conditions and symptoms over time to be able to diagnose the service user
(CLINIC, 2020).
For Parkinson’s GP would examine the individuals to see if they have Parkinson’s by first
checking their medical history as it would tell everything the individual has had a complaint
for due to worry, and the information is able to be obtained. Through the medical history the
GP can check if there has been any pattern of signs and symptoms that could possibly fit the
