20
Bible ICS
CHAPTERS 1, 2, 3, 4 & 7 + POWERPOINT
HELENA ROOSE
,Inhoudsopgave
1 Culture, Communication and Global Citizenship.............................................................................4
1.1 What is culture? Visible and invisible culture...............................................................................4
1.2 Definition of culture.....................................................................................................................4
Some definitions of culture............................................................................................................4
1.3 Culture programming...................................................................................................................5
1.4 Culture and subcultures...............................................................................................................5
1.5 Intercultural communication........................................................................................................6
1.6 Noise. What exactly is communication noise?.............................................................................7
1.7 TOPOI Model, intervention for cultural noise...............................................................................7
1.8 Global citizenship.........................................................................................................................7
1.8.1 Definition..............................................................................................................................7
1.8.2 Teaching global citizenship...................................................................................................8
1.8.3 Global citizenship competencies...........................................................................................8
1.8.4 What does it mean in practice?............................................................................................8
2 Working with Hall’s hey concepts of cultural differences................................................................8
2.1 Communication: high and low context.........................................................................................8
2.1.1 Low context...........................................................................................................................9
2.1.2 High context..........................................................................................................................9
2.1.3 Misunderstanding caused by too little or too much context................................................9
2.1.4 High and low context countries..........................................................................................10
2.1.5 High and low context subcultures.......................................................................................10
2.1.6 Can we communicate high as well as low context? Yes......................................................10
2.2 Monochronic and polychronic time............................................................................................11
2.2.1 Monochronic cultures.........................................................................................................11
2.2.2 Polychronic cultures............................................................................................................12
2.2.3 How to succeed by being both monochronic and polychronic...........................................12
2.3 Personal space...........................................................................................................................12
2.3.1 Dealing with differences in personal space.........................................................................13
2.4 Fast and slow messages.............................................................................................................13
2.5 Fast and slow information flow..................................................................................................13
2.5.1 Slow information flow.........................................................................................................13
2.5.2 Fast information flow..........................................................................................................14
2.6 Action chains..............................................................................................................................14
3 Working with Kluckhohn’s variations in value orientations..........................................................14
3.1 Dominating, in harmony with or subjugated to nature..............................................................14
3.2 Past, present and future orientation..........................................................................................14
3.3 Doing or being cultures: task or relation orientation.................................................................15
3.4 Individualism and collectivism....................................................................................................15
3.4.1 Individuals, collateral groups and hierarchical groups........................................................15
3.4.2 Individualism, collectivism, David Pinto’s F- and C-cultures................................................16
3.5 Is space private or public?..........................................................................................................16
3.6 Human nature............................................................................................................................17
3.7 The three-step method by Pinto.................................................................................................17
4 Working with Hofstede’s 6 dimensions of culture........................................................................17
4.1 Power distance...........................................................................................................................17
4.2 Individualism..............................................................................................................................18
4.3 Masculinity and femininity.........................................................................................................18
2
, 4.4 Uncertainty avoidance...............................................................................................................19
4.5 Long-term orientation................................................................................................................19
4.5.1 Long-term orientation (LTO)...............................................................................................20
4.5.2 Short-term orientation (STO)..............................................................................................20
4.5.3 A note on the long-term orientation scores........................................................................20
4.6 Indulgence and restraint............................................................................................................20
4.7 Country scores on Hofstede’s six dimensions of culture.............................................................20
5 Cultural synergy: Trompenaars’ 7 dimensions and cultural reconciliation....................................21
6 The growth process in intercultural sensitivity.............................................................................21
7 Culture shock while studying abroad............................................................................................21
7.1 Culture shock..............................................................................................................................21
7.2 What are the stages of culture shock?.......................................................................................21
7.3 Pre-departure stage...................................................................................................................21
7.4 The vacation stage.....................................................................................................................21
7.5 The angry stage.........................................................................................................................22
7.6 Adjustment stage and strategies...............................................................................................22
7.7 Re-entry shock............................................................................................................................22
7.8 Re-entry shock and international careers...................................................................................22
POWERPOINTS CANVAS..................................................................................................................24
LESSON 1..........................................................................................................................................24
Culture-related terms.......................................................................................................................24
Acculturation model.........................................................................................................................25
Stereotypes......................................................................................................................................26
Importance of knowing yourself......................................................................................................26
LESSON 2 Intercultural competences and global mindset................................................................26
The pyramid model (5 components)............................................................................................26
Cultural competence development.............................................................................................27
Describe – Analyze – Evaluate: DAE.............................................................................................27
LESSON 4-5 Cultural dimensions and cultural frameworks..............................................................27
Importance of cultural values......................................................................................................27
Kluckhohn’s hypotheses about people........................................................................................28
Space............................................................................................................................................28
Universalism – Particularism........................................................................................................28
Emotions: Neutral and Affective..................................................................................................28
Status: Achieved and Ascribed.....................................................................................................28
LESSON 7-8 Verbal and Written Communication in International Business.....................................29
Informal and Alternative Language..............................................................................................29
Translation problems...................................................................................................................29
Guidelines....................................................................................................................................29
Communication Patterns.............................................................................................................30
Thought patterns........................................................................................................................30
Linear and nonlinear language.....................................................................................................30
Bernstein’s Hypothesis.................................................................................................................31
3
, ICS INTERCULTURAL
SENSITIVITY
1 Culture, Communication and Global Citizenship
1.1 What is culture? Visible and invisible culture
Culture consists of layers – artefact of culture/material culture, norms and values & basic
assumptions.
- Artefacts: first things we nice, easy to perceive, nice to know, but not the ground of
IC.
- Norms & values: written and unwritten standards of correct, desired behavior,
express what is good or right (in our opinion), not as visible as artefacts, take time to
notice.
- Basic assumptions: abstract and visible, have big influence but not always aware of it,
judgments we make often shaped by these assumptions.
IC: to bring awareness of BA of own culture and recognize them of other cultures.
WHY? To communicate creatively and effectively with our closest.
To use cultural diversity as an inspiration and growth.
To achieve cultural energy.
1.2 Definition of culture
‘Culture is the collective programming of the mind, which distinguishes the
members of one group or category of people from another.’ (Geert Hofstede)
Some definitions of culture
Edgar Schein in short: ‘Culture is a pattern of shared BA that the group has learned to solve
problems of external adaptation and internal integration. This method has showed to be
useful as it will be passed on to new members as the correct way to perceive, think and feel
in relation to those problems.
Mijnd Huijser: ‘Culture is a group’s set of shared norms and values expressed in the behavior
of the group’s members.’
Fons Trompenaars: ‘Culture is the way in which a group of people solves problems.’
4
Bible ICS
CHAPTERS 1, 2, 3, 4 & 7 + POWERPOINT
HELENA ROOSE
,Inhoudsopgave
1 Culture, Communication and Global Citizenship.............................................................................4
1.1 What is culture? Visible and invisible culture...............................................................................4
1.2 Definition of culture.....................................................................................................................4
Some definitions of culture............................................................................................................4
1.3 Culture programming...................................................................................................................5
1.4 Culture and subcultures...............................................................................................................5
1.5 Intercultural communication........................................................................................................6
1.6 Noise. What exactly is communication noise?.............................................................................7
1.7 TOPOI Model, intervention for cultural noise...............................................................................7
1.8 Global citizenship.........................................................................................................................7
1.8.1 Definition..............................................................................................................................7
1.8.2 Teaching global citizenship...................................................................................................8
1.8.3 Global citizenship competencies...........................................................................................8
1.8.4 What does it mean in practice?............................................................................................8
2 Working with Hall’s hey concepts of cultural differences................................................................8
2.1 Communication: high and low context.........................................................................................8
2.1.1 Low context...........................................................................................................................9
2.1.2 High context..........................................................................................................................9
2.1.3 Misunderstanding caused by too little or too much context................................................9
2.1.4 High and low context countries..........................................................................................10
2.1.5 High and low context subcultures.......................................................................................10
2.1.6 Can we communicate high as well as low context? Yes......................................................10
2.2 Monochronic and polychronic time............................................................................................11
2.2.1 Monochronic cultures.........................................................................................................11
2.2.2 Polychronic cultures............................................................................................................12
2.2.3 How to succeed by being both monochronic and polychronic...........................................12
2.3 Personal space...........................................................................................................................12
2.3.1 Dealing with differences in personal space.........................................................................13
2.4 Fast and slow messages.............................................................................................................13
2.5 Fast and slow information flow..................................................................................................13
2.5.1 Slow information flow.........................................................................................................13
2.5.2 Fast information flow..........................................................................................................14
2.6 Action chains..............................................................................................................................14
3 Working with Kluckhohn’s variations in value orientations..........................................................14
3.1 Dominating, in harmony with or subjugated to nature..............................................................14
3.2 Past, present and future orientation..........................................................................................14
3.3 Doing or being cultures: task or relation orientation.................................................................15
3.4 Individualism and collectivism....................................................................................................15
3.4.1 Individuals, collateral groups and hierarchical groups........................................................15
3.4.2 Individualism, collectivism, David Pinto’s F- and C-cultures................................................16
3.5 Is space private or public?..........................................................................................................16
3.6 Human nature............................................................................................................................17
3.7 The three-step method by Pinto.................................................................................................17
4 Working with Hofstede’s 6 dimensions of culture........................................................................17
4.1 Power distance...........................................................................................................................17
4.2 Individualism..............................................................................................................................18
4.3 Masculinity and femininity.........................................................................................................18
2
, 4.4 Uncertainty avoidance...............................................................................................................19
4.5 Long-term orientation................................................................................................................19
4.5.1 Long-term orientation (LTO)...............................................................................................20
4.5.2 Short-term orientation (STO)..............................................................................................20
4.5.3 A note on the long-term orientation scores........................................................................20
4.6 Indulgence and restraint............................................................................................................20
4.7 Country scores on Hofstede’s six dimensions of culture.............................................................20
5 Cultural synergy: Trompenaars’ 7 dimensions and cultural reconciliation....................................21
6 The growth process in intercultural sensitivity.............................................................................21
7 Culture shock while studying abroad............................................................................................21
7.1 Culture shock..............................................................................................................................21
7.2 What are the stages of culture shock?.......................................................................................21
7.3 Pre-departure stage...................................................................................................................21
7.4 The vacation stage.....................................................................................................................21
7.5 The angry stage.........................................................................................................................22
7.6 Adjustment stage and strategies...............................................................................................22
7.7 Re-entry shock............................................................................................................................22
7.8 Re-entry shock and international careers...................................................................................22
POWERPOINTS CANVAS..................................................................................................................24
LESSON 1..........................................................................................................................................24
Culture-related terms.......................................................................................................................24
Acculturation model.........................................................................................................................25
Stereotypes......................................................................................................................................26
Importance of knowing yourself......................................................................................................26
LESSON 2 Intercultural competences and global mindset................................................................26
The pyramid model (5 components)............................................................................................26
Cultural competence development.............................................................................................27
Describe – Analyze – Evaluate: DAE.............................................................................................27
LESSON 4-5 Cultural dimensions and cultural frameworks..............................................................27
Importance of cultural values......................................................................................................27
Kluckhohn’s hypotheses about people........................................................................................28
Space............................................................................................................................................28
Universalism – Particularism........................................................................................................28
Emotions: Neutral and Affective..................................................................................................28
Status: Achieved and Ascribed.....................................................................................................28
LESSON 7-8 Verbal and Written Communication in International Business.....................................29
Informal and Alternative Language..............................................................................................29
Translation problems...................................................................................................................29
Guidelines....................................................................................................................................29
Communication Patterns.............................................................................................................30
Thought patterns........................................................................................................................30
Linear and nonlinear language.....................................................................................................30
Bernstein’s Hypothesis.................................................................................................................31
3
, ICS INTERCULTURAL
SENSITIVITY
1 Culture, Communication and Global Citizenship
1.1 What is culture? Visible and invisible culture
Culture consists of layers – artefact of culture/material culture, norms and values & basic
assumptions.
- Artefacts: first things we nice, easy to perceive, nice to know, but not the ground of
IC.
- Norms & values: written and unwritten standards of correct, desired behavior,
express what is good or right (in our opinion), not as visible as artefacts, take time to
notice.
- Basic assumptions: abstract and visible, have big influence but not always aware of it,
judgments we make often shaped by these assumptions.
IC: to bring awareness of BA of own culture and recognize them of other cultures.
WHY? To communicate creatively and effectively with our closest.
To use cultural diversity as an inspiration and growth.
To achieve cultural energy.
1.2 Definition of culture
‘Culture is the collective programming of the mind, which distinguishes the
members of one group or category of people from another.’ (Geert Hofstede)
Some definitions of culture
Edgar Schein in short: ‘Culture is a pattern of shared BA that the group has learned to solve
problems of external adaptation and internal integration. This method has showed to be
useful as it will be passed on to new members as the correct way to perceive, think and feel
in relation to those problems.
Mijnd Huijser: ‘Culture is a group’s set of shared norms and values expressed in the behavior
of the group’s members.’
Fons Trompenaars: ‘Culture is the way in which a group of people solves problems.’
4
