NR 507 Midterm Questions
Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of - answer Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction
Which of the following are considered the "first responders" of the innate immune
system? (Appear first in any immune response) - answer Neutrophils
Hives (Urticaria) are an example of a - answer Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
Type 2 (cytotoxic) hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by: - answer IgG or IgM
Anaphylaxis is a - answer Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by – answer IgE and mast cells
Example of Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction - answer Hay fever
Most dangerous form of Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction - answer Anaphylactic reaction
systemic response causing hypotension and severe bronchoconstriction
Local symptoms of Type 1 hypersensitivity - answerItching, rash
Systemic symptoms of Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction - answerWheezing
Main treatment of anaphylaxis - answerEpinephrine
Example of Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction - answerABO incompatibility
Graves Disease (hyperthyroidism)
Primary effector cells involved in Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions -
answerMacrophages
Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions - answer-Tissue specific
-Can cause tissue damage or alter function
Type 4 hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by - answerCaused by cytotoxic T cells
attacking tissue directly (no antibody)
Which of the following is the underlying pathology for hay fever? - answerMast cell
degranulation
, Damage occurs with ABO incompatibility because - answerComplement damages RBC
membrane causing RBC lysis
Which of the following assessment findings would be expected in a patient who
presents with urticaria? - answerEosinophilia
Example of Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction - answerContact dermatitis (poison ivy,
metal allergy)
Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions - answer- Are NOT organ specific
- antigen-antibody complex deposited in tissues
Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction examples - answerRheumatoid Arthritis
Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE)
Scope of Damage of SLE - answer- Facial rash confined to the cheeks (malar rash)
- Discoid rash (raised patches, scaling)
- photosensitivity (development of skin rash as a results of sunlight exposure)
- oral or nasopharyngeal ulcers
- hematologic disorders (hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, lymphopenia, or
thrombocytopenia)
- immunologic disorders (antibodies against double-stranded DNA or Smith antigen,
false positive serologic tests for syphilis, or antiphospholipid antibodies)
- Non-erosive arthritis of at least 2 peripheral joints
- Serositis (pleurisy, pericarditis)
- renal disorder (persistent proteinuria of > 0.5 g/day or > 3 g/day on dipstick of cellular
casts)
- neurological disorders (seizures, psychosis)
- presence of antinuclear antibody (ANA)
Autoimmune diseases can be - answerFamilial although not all develop the same
disease, but several members may have different disorders characterized by a variety
of hypersensitivity reactions
Associations with particular autoimmune diseases have been identified for a variety of -
answerMajor histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles or non-MHC genes
Alloimmunity - answerGeneral term used to describe when an individuals immune
system reactions against antigens on the tissues of other members of the same species
Examples of alloimmunity - answer- Neonatal disease where the maternal immune
system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus
- transplant rejection
- transfusion reaction
Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of - answer Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction
Which of the following are considered the "first responders" of the innate immune
system? (Appear first in any immune response) - answer Neutrophils
Hives (Urticaria) are an example of a - answer Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
Type 2 (cytotoxic) hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by: - answer IgG or IgM
Anaphylaxis is a - answer Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by – answer IgE and mast cells
Example of Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction - answer Hay fever
Most dangerous form of Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction - answer Anaphylactic reaction
systemic response causing hypotension and severe bronchoconstriction
Local symptoms of Type 1 hypersensitivity - answerItching, rash
Systemic symptoms of Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction - answerWheezing
Main treatment of anaphylaxis - answerEpinephrine
Example of Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction - answerABO incompatibility
Graves Disease (hyperthyroidism)
Primary effector cells involved in Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions -
answerMacrophages
Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions - answer-Tissue specific
-Can cause tissue damage or alter function
Type 4 hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by - answerCaused by cytotoxic T cells
attacking tissue directly (no antibody)
Which of the following is the underlying pathology for hay fever? - answerMast cell
degranulation
, Damage occurs with ABO incompatibility because - answerComplement damages RBC
membrane causing RBC lysis
Which of the following assessment findings would be expected in a patient who
presents with urticaria? - answerEosinophilia
Example of Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction - answerContact dermatitis (poison ivy,
metal allergy)
Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions - answer- Are NOT organ specific
- antigen-antibody complex deposited in tissues
Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction examples - answerRheumatoid Arthritis
Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE)
Scope of Damage of SLE - answer- Facial rash confined to the cheeks (malar rash)
- Discoid rash (raised patches, scaling)
- photosensitivity (development of skin rash as a results of sunlight exposure)
- oral or nasopharyngeal ulcers
- hematologic disorders (hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, lymphopenia, or
thrombocytopenia)
- immunologic disorders (antibodies against double-stranded DNA or Smith antigen,
false positive serologic tests for syphilis, or antiphospholipid antibodies)
- Non-erosive arthritis of at least 2 peripheral joints
- Serositis (pleurisy, pericarditis)
- renal disorder (persistent proteinuria of > 0.5 g/day or > 3 g/day on dipstick of cellular
casts)
- neurological disorders (seizures, psychosis)
- presence of antinuclear antibody (ANA)
Autoimmune diseases can be - answerFamilial although not all develop the same
disease, but several members may have different disorders characterized by a variety
of hypersensitivity reactions
Associations with particular autoimmune diseases have been identified for a variety of -
answerMajor histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles or non-MHC genes
Alloimmunity - answerGeneral term used to describe when an individuals immune
system reactions against antigens on the tissues of other members of the same species
Examples of alloimmunity - answer- Neonatal disease where the maternal immune
system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus
- transplant rejection
- transfusion reaction
